Anatomy and physiology Exam Solution 2022

Anatomy and physiology Exam Solution 2022 Superior refers to: The hindquarters Structures toward the center of the body Closer to the head Closer to the feet - Answer- Closer to the head All cells consist of ___ an ...

Anatomy and physiology Exam Solution 2022 Superior refers to: The hindquarters Structures toward the center of the body Closer to the head Closer to the feet - Answer- Closer to the head All cells consist of ___ and ___ and are able to synthesize proteins. DNA and RNA Nucleic acid and cytoplasm Cell membranes and sex organs Tendons and ligaments - Answer- DNA and RNA Explain Unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded An RNA strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (ribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases--adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). DNA DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T The sympathetic nervous system functions to: Regulate emergency or stressful situations Return the body to a normal state following emergency or stressful situations Control the five senses Control the movement of the skeletal system - Answer- Regulate emergency or stressful situations Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive tract? To enzymatically break down food. To perform gas exchange. To absorb nutrients into blood. To eliminate unabsorbed waste. - Answer- To perform gas exchange Sagittal plane - Answer- Cuts or divides the body into right and left portions. Always associate the sagittal plane with your right and left side, like the right and left turning signals of a car. When a driver wants to signal a right turn, the right blinker turns on and the left blinker remains off. Alternatively, when a left signal is needed, only the left blinker should be activated. Coronal (frontal) plan - Answer- Cuts or divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions. Imagine standing in line at the grocery store. People stand behind one another at a frontal plane. Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton? -shoulder bones -thigh bones -foot bones -vertebral column - Answer- Vertebral column The axial skeleton supports the neck, head, back, chest, forms the vertical axis of the body Consists of: skull Vertebral column -sacrum -coccyx Thoracic cage What is a erythrocyte? - Answer- Red blood cell What is the role of Angiotensin II? - Answer- -causes vasoconstriction and an increase in systemic blood pressure -Signals an increase in the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex Where might you find a simple epithelial tissue? -connecting two bones -lining a blood vessel -Contracting the heart -Moving iron through the body - Answer- Lining a blood vessel Connective and Moving iron through the body is connective tissue Contracting the heart is cardiac tissue When a person is prone what are they doing? - Answer- Face down Prone is face down Supine is face up Where is fat stored in the bones? - Answer- Yellow bone marrow cavity Where are B lymphocytes produced? - Answer- Bone marrow Where do T cells undergo maturation? - Answer- Thymus gland What is the least abundant blood cell? -lymphocytes -erythrocytes -leukocytes -thrombocytes - Answer- leukocytes -life span is hours to days -production begins in the bone marrow -form in your bone marrow In the human body, which of the following is responsible for clotting blood? a: platelets b: white blood cells c: red blood cells d: osteoblasts - Answer- Platelets People who suffer from Type 1 diabetes are lacking function in which organ? a: liver b: pancreas c: stomach d: heart - Answer- Pancreas Where does digestion start? a: the stomach b: the small intestine c: the mouth d: none of the above - Answer- The mouth What does yellow bone marrow contain? - Answer- Adipose tissue What are examples of long bones? - Answer- Femur Humerus Ulna Radius Tibia Fibula Metacarpals Phalanges Metatarsals What are examples of short bones - Answer- Carpals in the wrist Tarsals in the ankles What do osteoclasts do? - Answer- Bone resorption What do osteoblasts do? - Answer- Bone formation Blood is prevented from changing direction in the veins by? a: pressure from the heart b: Valves c: suction from the heart d: none of the above - Answer- Valves What is the thyroid cartilage commonly known as? a: vocal box b: adam's apple c: vocal cords d: none of the above - Answer- Adam's apple Which bone forms the rib cage of the thoracic region with the ribs? Continues...