NR 228 Nutrition Exam 2

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NR 228 Nutrition Exam 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022 Pregnancy weight gain for normal weight - Answer-25-35 lbs *due to breast feeding and amniotic fluid Dietary Guidelines for pregnant women ... - Answer--Avoid foods such as raw eggs, raw meats, excessive amounts of coffee (only one cup per day) Vitamins that should not increase during pregnancy are - Answer--Vitamin C (hypercalcemia) -Vitamin E (fetal heart defect) -Vitamin K (prolong jaundice) Preeclampsia nutrition related concerns - Answer--Patient will be put on the DASH diet (hypertension diet) to help lower BP -Limit and avoid trans fats, sat. fats, sugar, salt, no fast food, no coffee -Increase foods rich in potassium, magnesium, and vitamins, fruits and vegetables, whole grain, protein Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - Answer-Recommended foods to prevent GDM include carbohydrates, iron, calcium, protein, and fat sources. (simple carbs, fruits and veggies) Maternal PKU - Answer-Lack of proper dietary therapy during pregnancy. Findings in infant: microcephaly, mental retardation, growth retardation, congenital heart defects. -Pregnant women should not eat foods high in phenylalanine (should only consume 1-4 mg per day) -Avoid fish, meat, diet soda, eggs, wheat -Fruit, vegetables, and low protein foods are okay to eat Lactation - Answer-750-1000mL of breast milk daily -500 kcal for producing breast milk daily *avoid foods such as garlic, citrus (lemon/limes), broccoli, spices, and cauliflower because it may alter taste of breast milk Infancy birth weight and breast feeding - Answer--first 6 months of life infant should consume breast milk. -second 6 months of life infant should consume a combination of breast milk and baby food Infant Dietary Guidelines - Answer--Solid foods at 4-5 months -if exclusively breastfeeding, baby should be taking in an iron supplement at 4 months old to avoid iron deficiency anemia. Infancy and Fat Consumption - Answer--Fat and cholesterol consumption is important in brain growth and development and nerve tissue -If infant is overweight, do not restrict fats Baby Bottle Tooth Decay - Answer-occurs when baby goes to bed with a bottle -bottle before bed should only contain water Nutrition-Related Concerns: Infancy - Answer--Premature/low-weight = failure to thrive -if child has PKU, phenyl-free formula should be used -If baby has galactosemia (lactose intolerant) baby should consume soy formula Toddlers: 1-3 years old diet - Answer--limit 100% juice: 4-6oz per day -consume snack foods such as graham crackers, apple slices, and cheese cubes -Limit milk intake to 24oz per day due to lack of iron -child should try food product 7-10 times before deciding not to like something Preschoolers: 4-6 years old diet - Answer--environmental influencer eaters -avoid eating sugary foods while watching tv -healthy plate contains: veggies, fruits, whole grain, healthy protein, water, healthy oils School age children: 7-12 years old diet - Answer--Concerns are: 10% skipping breakfast and type of diet they are consuming -Risk for diabetes and obesity Adolescence: 13-19 years old diet - Answer-- iron, fiber, calcium, protein, and vitamins are important nutrients to consume -Calcium intake = 1300 mg daily (3 to 4 servings of dairy products) -Adolescents reach maximum bone density levels during this time -Foods high in CA: milk, sardines, cheese, yogurt Adulthood diet - Answer--important to exercise and eat a balanced diet to avoid cardiovascular diseases -calcium is an important vitamin to consume due to bone health Older adult diet concerns - Answer--arthritis is the most common factor of prevention of eating well -decrease in calorie needs -decrease in nutrient absorption(vitamin B12, B9 (folic acid), and calcium) -decrease in mass and tone -oral problems caused by dentures -medical conditions Nutritional Guidelines for balanced diet (eldery) - Answer--40-55% carbohydrates -10-20% fat -consume whole grains such as brown rice, oat meal, and whole wheat bread -avoid added sugars especially in fruits -avoid coconut oil due to high in sat. fat Elderly Population prevention - Answer--exercise and strength training -increase water intake for hydration -weight bearing exercises, increase sun exposure, and consumption of vitamin D reduces risk for osteoporosis Primary nutritional deficiency - Answer-inadequate intake of nutrients secondary nutritional deficiency - Answer-caused by illness, disease, and iatrogenic (ex: patient is NPO for procedure and it's causing nutritional deficiency) Malnutrition side effects - Answer-- weight loss -dry skin -brittle, thin hair -loss of muscle mass -brittle nails -weakness -bone and joint pain -fatigue Nutrition Assessment Tools - Answer--ht/wt -bi/triceps skin fold measurements Calculate % of wt change overtime: Usual wt - present wt / usual wt X 100 - Answer-- 1-2% in 1 week = moderate wt loss - >2% in 1 week = severe wt loss - 5 in 1 month = moderate wt loss - >5 in 1 month = severe wt loss Normal BMI - Answer-18.5-24.9 Overweight BMI - Answer-25-29.9 Obese BMI - Answer-30-39.9 Severely Obese BMI - Answer-35-39.9 Morbidly Obese BMI - Answer-greater than 40 Males that are high risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes have a waist circumference of - Answer-greater than 102 cm Females that are high risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes have a waist circumference of - Answer-greater than 88 cm Clinical values that measure adequate nutrition intake are - Answer-- fluid intake and output -calorie count = most accurate measure -hemoglobin levels: low levels = patient is not eating enough nutrients such as protein [Show More]

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