Nutrition Exam 2 (NR 228)

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Nutrition Exam 2 (NR 228) 2022 GRADED A what are the water soluble vitamins - ANSWER ----B-complex vitamins, choline, and vit. C what are the fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER ----A, D, E, K ... which type of vitamins do you develop toxicity with - ANSWER ----fat soluble Deficiency of any of these nutrients will affect overall blood health - ANSWER ----vit. B12, iron, folate, zinc, vit. B6, copper, vit. K active Transport/storage of folate needed for heme and cell formation and other functions - ANSWER ----vit. B12 (cobalamin) Distributes oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin - ANSWER ----iron Coenzyme metabolism (synthesis of amino acid, heme, deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA], ribonucleic acid [RNA]) and other functions - ANSWER ----folate (folic acid) Cofactor for more than 200 enzymes, including enzymes to make heme in hemoglobin, genetic material, and proteins - ANSWER ----zinc Hemoglobin synthesis and other functions - ANSWER ----vit. B6 (pyridoxine) helps with iron use - ANSWER ----copper Cofactor in synthesis of blood clotting factors; protein formation - ANSWER ----vit. K (active form) what nutrients are required by the bone to maintain cellular structure - ANSWER ----vit. D, K, A, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and fluoride bone mineralization - ANSWER ----vit. D Protein formation for bone mineralization; cofactor for blood clotting factors - ANSWER ----vit. K active Bone growth; maintains epithelial cells; regulation of gene expression - ANSWER ----vit. A Bone and tooth formation (component of hydroxyapatite) Bone structure increases stability of bone - ANSWER ----calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and fluoride what vit. and minerals are needed to metabolize carbohydrates, lipids, and protein into energy - ANSWER ----thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), folate, cobalamin (B12), biotin, pantothenic acid, iodine, chromium, phosphorous, sulfur, iron, and zinc Coenzyme energy metabolism; muscle nerve action - ANSWER ----thiamin (B1) Coenzyme energy metabolism - ANSWER ----riboflavin (B2) Cofactor to enzymes involved in energy metabolism; glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle synthesis - ANSWER ----niacin (B3) Forms coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) for energy metabolism - ANSWER ----pyridoxine (B6) Coenzyme metabolism (synthesis of amino acid, heme, deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA], ribonucleic acid [RNA]) - ANSWER ----folate Metabolism of fatty acids/amino acids - ANSWER ----cobalamin (B12) Part of coenzyme A - ANSWER ----Pantothenic acid (B5) Metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein - ANSWER ----biotin Thyroxine synthesis (thyroid hormone) regulates growth and development; basal metabolic rate (BMR) regulation - ANSWER ----iodine fluid and electrolyte balance (acid-base balance) of body fluids is buffered by other minerals - ANSWER ----sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus Major extracellular electrolyte for fluid regulation; body fluid levels; acid-base balance; nerve impulse and contraction; blood pressure/volume - ANSWER ----sodium With sodium and chloride, major intracellular electrolyte for fluid regulation; muscle function - ANSWER ----potassium acid-base balance - ANSWER ----chloride and phosphorus no animal products of any type (no eggs or milk products) requires variety of plant materials including nuts, legumes (dried peas and cooked beans); while consuming enough iron, zinc, calcium, vit. D, omega-3 fatty acids, and vit. B12 - ANSWER ----vegan use milk and milk products but not eggs, meat, poultry, or fish - ANSWER ----lactovegetarian exclude meat, poultry, and fish consume eggs, milk, and other dairy products since they are not obtained by killing the animal - ANSWER ----ovo-lacto-vegetarian include fish or chicken minimally exclude red meat - ANSWER ----pescatarian prefer vegetarian diets, but are willing to eat meat, fish, or chicken on occasion - ANSWER ----flexitarian Energy metabolism (enzymes) Component of protein structures Distributes oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin Carbohydrate metabolism (insulin function); cofactor to more than 200 enzymes - ANSWER ----phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, and iron Carbohydrate metabolism, part of glucose tolerance factor - ANSWER ----chromium rec. daily increase of calories in second trimester pregnancy - ANSWER ----increase of 340 calories rec. daily increase of calories in third trimester pregnancy - ANSWER ----increase of 452 calories rec. daily increase of calories in postpartum breastfeeding mothers during first 6 months - ANSWER ----increase of 330 calories rec. daily increase of calories in postpartum breastfeeding mothers during second 6 months - ANSWER ----increase of 400 calories rec. daily caloric intake of protein during pregnancy - ANSWER ----20% of total intake or 71 g/day rec. daily caloric intake of carbohydrates during pregnancy - ANSWER ----50% of total intake [Show More]

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