Exam 2 Nutrition NR-228

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Exam 2 Nutrition NR-228 Water and minerals are primary components - ANSWER of body fluids, and each performs other functions as well. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) - ANSWER highest a ... verage daily intake level of a nutrient likely to pose no risk of negative health effects Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - ANSWER average amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the needs of all healthy people (98%) Alpha-tocopherol (a-TE) - ANSWER The most active form of vitamin E in the body RAE means - ANSWER retinol activity equivalents. vitamin A is the unit of measurement associated with it Vitamins are - ANSWER organic molecules that perform specific metabolic functions. Vitamins are divided - ANSWER into water soluble and fat soluble. Solubility of vitamins affects - ANSWER the processes of their absorption, transportation, and storage in our bodies Water-soluble vitamins are - ANSWER vitamin C, choline, and the B complex vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, pyridoxine [B6], vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, and biotin). What is easily absorbed into blood circulation - ANSWER Water-soluble vitamins Fat-soluble vitamins are - ANSWER vitamins A, D, E, and K. Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of - ANSWER carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the form of simple carbohydrates. There are three sizes of carbohydrates - ANSWER monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides Monosaccharides - ANSWER glucose, fructose, and galactose Disaccharides - ANSWER sucrose, maltose, and lactose Polysaccharides - ANSWER starch, fiber, and glycogen Food carbohydrates are divided into two categories - ANSWER simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates Simple carbohydrates - ANSWER monosaccharides and disaccharides Complex carbohydrates - ANSWER polysaccharides, excluding glycogen Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for carbohydrates - ANSWER 130 g/day for adults between 19and 30 years of age. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) - ANSWER 45% to 65% of kcal intake per day as primarily complex carbohydrates. Dietary Guidelines recommends - ANSWER emphasizing a plant-based diet including fruits, vegetables, cooked dried beans and peas, whole grains, and seeds. Energy circulates in the bloodstream - ANSWER glucose Carbohydrates - ANSWER are an abundant food source of energy and dietary fiber Blood glucose levels - ANSWER are regulated and balanced through hormonal systems. normal range 70- 100 mg per deciliter Hypoglycemia and diabetes mellitus - ANSWER may occur when these systems cannot regulate glucose within normal levels. Dietary fiber - ANSWER does not provide energy; it is not digestible by humans. Consuming adequate quantities of soluble and insoluble fiber - ANSWER has significant health benefits. The DRI for dietary fiber - ANSWER 25 to 38 g for adult women and men, respectively. Best carbohydrate food energy sources - ANSWER grains, legumes, and starchy root vegetables. Best dietary fiber sources: - ANSWER fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain products. Nutrients are lost when - ANSWER unrefined (whole) grains are refined Dietary Guidelines recommends increased consumption of - ANSWER complex carbohydrates MyPlate proposes - ANSWER 6 ounces of grains, 4.5 cups of vegetables, and 2 cups of fruits [Show More]

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