Comprehensive Basic Science Exam (CBSE) Review Set I>Comprehensive Basic Science Exam (CBSE) Review Set I (Latest 2022/2023)
Chagas Disease - answer Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite passed in the feces of Reduv
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Comprehensive Basic Science Exam (CBSE) Review Set I>Comprehensive Basic Science Exam (CBSE) Review Set I (Latest 2022/2023)
Chagas Disease - answer Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite passed in the feces of Reduviidae/kissing bug
Penetrates broken skin or intact mucous membranes forming a pseudocyst releasing inflammatory infiltrates into myocytes; stains with Giemsa & Wright
Romana sign occurs when portal of entry is the conjunctiva or eyelid
May resulting in:
Enlarged heart- CHF, sudden cardiac arrest
Enlarged esophagus- difficulty swallowing
Enlarged colon- abdominal pain or constipation
Treat with benznidazole or nifurtimox
Monocytes - answer cell with half-moon shaped nucleus that participates in phagocytosis
Chronic graft rejection - answer multifactorial but typically involves arteriosclerosis
HLA-B27 - answer PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis- chronic synovitis destroying cartilage typically in young men
Inflammatory bowel dz- Crohn's & UC
Reactive Arthritis-
Reactive Arthritis - answer Arthritis as a reaction to a bacterial infection such as Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Ureaplasma.
Associated with conjunctivitis & uveitis
Gaucher (Type 1) - answer AR Lysosomal storage disease
Accumulation of sphingolipid glucocerebroside
Most common
Wrinkled tissue paper
I Cell disease - answer Failure of Golgi apparatus to phosphorylate mannose 6-phosphate the marker to export enzymes to lysosomes resulting in accumulation of lysosomal enzymes in serum
Nitroblue tetrazolium test - answer Aqualitative test to determine defects in NADPH oxidase
Negative: CGD
Positive: Acute Hepatitis, Mono
CGD (chronic granulomatous disease) - answer inability to produce NADPH oxidase; susceptible to Cat + organisms; elevated neutrophils w/ normal T cell
Gp91 phox subunit: heme binding subunit of superoxide generating NADPH
Treat with interferon gamma
Clarithromycin (macrolide) - answer ADR of metallic taste & GI
Codeine - answer ADR resp. depression, euphoria, & constipation
Cyclobenzaprine - answer Structurally similar to TCAs w/ anticholinergic side effects used for relief of muscle spasms
May exacerbate glaucoma
Naproxen - answer ADR of GI & renal (in elderly)
Timolol - answer Used in HTN & glaucoma; ADR of bradycardia & worsening asthma
Bacterial vaginosis - answer Sloughed mucosal cells = clue cells
Trichomoniasis - answer Cilated, motile trophozoites w/ corkscrew-like motility
Autism - answer Lack of eye contact, verbal communication, & separation anxiety; repetitious behavior
Emphysema - answer Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, normal FVC; TLC, FRC, & RV increase
Parathyroid hormone(PTH) vs phosphate in hypercalcemia - answer PTH: rapid & direct
Phosphate: slow & indirect
ANP: - answer Afib, Ch-1p, NPPA gene mutation causing binding interference,- decrease cGMP
Failure of development of 3rd or 4th pharyngeal pouches - answer DiGeorge syndrome (CATCH 22): truncus arteriosus & agenesis of parathyroid glands
May also be associated w/ failure of thymus to develop -> T lymphocytes w/ CD3 marker
Huntington disease - answer PCR is the most common method to est. # of CAGs
Both the coding & template strands bind the forward & reverse primers on 3' end
Pyrmidine Dimers - answer BRAF gain of function mutation causing covalant thymine (or Cystine) bonds normally repaired thru NER in the G1 phase by endonuclease recognition then excision (DNA polymerase then fills; ligase then reseals)
Xeroderma pigmentosum - answer Mutation of NER endonuclease from UV radiation disrupting DNA replication due to the oligonucleotides remaining damaged
DNA Polymerase I - answer Removal of both leading & lagging RNA primers 5' to 3' (unique)
Proofreading of mismatch nucleotides via 3' to 5' exonuclease & elongation of lagging strand 5' to 3' (universal)
Topoisomerase - answer Enzyme that functions in DNA replication, helping to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork.
Teniposide - answer Topoisomerase II inhibitor acting in the S phase & G2 phase:
S phase: prevents proper unwinding of supercoils & reannealing of DNA
G phase: Permanent breaks in both strands of DNA preventing transcription & repair inducing cell cycle arrest
Cytarabine - answer Antimetabolite inhibiting DNA polymerase, arresting cells solely in S phase
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