BIO 250 Final 2021 questions and answers latest

BIO 250 Final 2021 questions and answers latest Serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium . ANS: Vestibulocochlear C1 spinal nerve emerges between the first and second cervical vertebrae . ANS: False What is th ...

BIO 250 Final 2021 questions and answers latest Serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium . ANS: Vestibulocochlear C1 spinal nerve emerges between the first and second cervical vertebrae . ANS: False What is the structure that covers individual neuron called? (Wrong spelling, wrong answer) ANS: endometrium Striking the "funny bone" (ulnar nerve) may cause injury to a nerve of this plexus. ANS: Brachial plexus A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve? ANS: olfactory A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged? ANS: facial A fall or improper administration of an injection to the buttocks may injure a nerve of this plexus. ANS: Sacral plexus There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves? ANS: ganglion cells The receptor membranes of gustatory cells are ________. ANS: gustatory hairs Select the correct statement about olfaction. ANS: Some of the sensation of olfaction is actually one of pain. Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________. ANS: sympathetic nervous system The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________. ANS: parasympathetic division Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.ANS: hypothalamus Light passes through the following structures in which order? ANS: cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor The spinal nerves that make up the Brachial Plexus consists of the following. ANS: C5-C8 & T1 The major targets of growth hormone are ________. ANS: bones and skeletal muscles Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP? ANS: the heart The single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood is ________. ANS: parathyroid hormone Aldosterone ________. ANS: functions to increase sodium reabsorption Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood? ANS: hemocytoblast No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________. ANS: monocytes A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and causing an appearance of large pale cells called mastocytes, is characteristic of ________. ANS: pernicious anemia Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes? ANS: They are nucleated. A foramen oval ________. ANS: connects the two atria in the fetal heart When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________. ANS: noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls MATCHING: Match the following figure with the correct part/s of the part. Choices are use once or not-at-all. ANS: Tricuspid valve. B Correct! Left ventricle. E Correct! Pulmonary veins. C When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________. ANS: noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________. ANS: has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium Prevents backflow into the left ventricle. ANS: Aortic valve Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction. ANS: False Which statement best describes arteries? ANS: All carry blood away from the heart. The hepatic portal vein ________. ANS: carries nutrient-rich blood to the liver The most common type of blood capillary is the ________. ANS: continuous capillary Which statement best describes arteries? ANS: All carry blood away from the heart. Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________. ANS: capillaries The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________. ANS: muscular arteries Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation? ANS: tunica media Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called ________. ANS: sinusoids Small organs intimately associated with lymphatic vessels. ANS: Lymph nodes Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? ANS: right lymphatic duct Which of the following is not a part of the lymphatic system? ANS: erythrocytes The main site of gas exchange is the ________. ANS: alveoli The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to ________. ANS: secrete surfactant Select the correct statement about the pharynx. ANS: The auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx. Where the respiratory zone of the lungs begins. ANS: Respiratory bronchioles Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? ANS: parietal cells Peristaltic waves are ________. ANS: waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? ANS: B12 Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body? ANS: oral cavity Peyer's patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine. ANS: True The pancreas has both an endocrine and an exocrine function. ANS: True From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. ANS: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. ANS: digestion The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium. ANS: transitional The renal corpuscle is made up of ________. ANS: Bowman's capsule and glomerulus The filtration membrane includes all except ________. ANS: renal fascia Fenestrated vessels that allow passage of all plasma elements but not blood cells. ANS: Glomerular capillaries Low pressure, porous vessels that reabsorb solutes and water from the tubule cells. ANS: Peritubular capillaries The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding. ANS: True The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle. ANS: True Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron? ANS: macula dense Which of the following glands are responsible for 70% of the synthesis of semen? ANS: the seminal vesicles The primary function of the uterus is to ________. ANS: receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum Fertilization generally occurs in the ________. ANS: fallopian tubes The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________. ANS: interstitial endocrine cells Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur? ANS: LH A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. ANS: False The "master switch" for male reproductive development is ________.ANS: the SRY gene Pharynx ANS: the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus. Larynx ANS: voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords alveolar ducts ANS: the subdivisions of the respiratory bronchioles, which terminate in the alveolar sacs that resemble clusters of grapes. segmental bronchi (tertiary)ANS: Airways leading into specific lung segments. respiratory bronchioles ANS: branches of the terminal bronchioles that subdivide into several alveolar ducts respiratory zone function ANS: 1. defense 2. gas exchange 3. regulation of various blood properties conducting zone function ANS: filter, warm, and moisten air, and deliver air to the site of EXTERNAL RESPIRATION in the lungs Regions where secondary infection occurs after nasal infection ANS: sinus ?? Layers of the wall of the alimentary canal ANS: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa Ingestion ANS: Intake of food Digestion ANS: Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used Absorption ANS: The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood Frenulum ANS: midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth Falciform ligaments ANS: thin, sickle-shaped, fibrous structure that connects the anterior part of the liver to the ventral wall of the abdomen lateral ligaments ANS: horizontal from cervix and vagina to the lateral pelvic wall ?? coronary ligaments ANS: attach liver to diaphragm ligamentum teres hepatis ANS: round ligament of the liver Parts of the small intestines ANS: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. fauces (oropharynx)ANS: opening between oral cavity and oropharynx Where mechanical food breakdown occurs ANS: mouth Mechanical digestion begins in your mouth with chewing, then moves to churning in the stomach and segmentation in the small intestine. intrinsic factor function ANS: aids in the absorption of vitamin B12 pancreas function ANS: regulates blood sugar (insulin & glucagon) Secretes pancreatic juice which breaks down all categories of food produces digestive enzymes for fats, carbs, and proteins Parietal cells vs chief cells ANS: Parietal cells are the epithelial cells that secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. They are located in the gastric glands found in lining of fundus and stomach. The gastric chief cells , are cells in the stomach that release pepsinogen and chymosin. ... These are located , in clusters at the base of the gastric glands. The Kupffer cells of the liver ANS: are resident liver macrophages and play a critical role in maintaining liver functions. Under physiological conditions, they are the first innate immune cells and protect the liver from bacterial infections Visceral and parietal peritoneum ANS: Parietal peritoneum is that portion that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Those cavities are also known as the peritoneal cavity. Visceral peritoneum covers the external surfaces of most abdominal organs, including the intestinal tract. epiglottis function ANS: prevents food from going into the trachea and instead directs it to the esophagus Different sphincters found in urethra ANS: -external urethral sphincter -internal urethral sphincter Location of ADH receptors in the nephron ANS: In the basolateral membrane of cells in the cortical and medullary collecting tubules Nephron and its parts ANS: Functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtration of blood and urine formation (2 parts, with other parts in them) Retroperitoneal ANS: pertaining to behind the peritoneum trigone of bladder ANS: triangular region at the base of the urinary bladder between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra JG apparatus and its parts ANS: The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of the juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent glomerular arteriole, the efferent glomerular arteriole, the extra glomerular mesangial cells, and that small portion of the distal tubule known as the macula densa that is located beside the renal glomerulus.