AP European History Final Exam 2022 with complete solution

AP European History Final Exam 2022 with complete solution The Renaissance -Answer- revival of classical Greco-Roman texts that led to new methods of scholarship and values in society and religion Italian Renaissan ...

AP European History Final Exam 2022 with complete solution The Renaissance -Answer- revival of classical Greco-Roman texts that led to new methods of scholarship and values in society and religion Italian Renaissance -Answer- Where the renaissance started because of its geography allowing it to be prosperous through trade and how feudalism was less prominent. Peace of Lodi (1454) -Answer- created balance of power through the Italian city-states, but broke down when Spain sacks Rome in 1527 Italian Renaissance Art -Answer- Economic elites sponsored works of art. Normal people were rarely painted, mainly wealthy elites, subjects from Bible, mythology, etc. Used sfumato and chiaroscure with symmetry and balance Northern Renaissance Art -Answer- Painted middle class people and peasants with Gothic art (think cathedrals). Commonly used realism and were the first to use oil paints Northern Renaissance -Answer- Centralized system of rule where monarchies funded artists and scholars Spread of Renaissance -Answer- Renaissance ideas spread to Northern Europe in late 1400s due to trade with Italy, printing press, and decline of feudalism taille -Answer- established by Charles VII of France to expand the power of the king by taxing more without asking the nobility King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella -Answer- King and Queen of Spain - help unify Spain and support and encourage Spanish exploration. Women during the Renaissance -Answer- their role in society was debated by scholars and only wealthy girls could get a humanist education. Castiglione -Answer- believed the perfect woman during the Renaissance must be attractive, well educated, able to play an instrument, paint, and dance Humanism -Answer- intellectual movement that emphasizes the study of subjects like philosophy, classical lit, history, etc Secularism -Answer- less God in society Individualism -Answer- The belief that individual humans are capable of great accomplishments. Petrach (1304-1374) -Answer- Considered father of Humanism for his humanistic papers and essays. Education in the Renaissance -Answer- students studied liberal arts, mainly available to elite men and de emphasized the role of God and miracles moveable type (mid 1400s) -Answer- helps ideas spread faster important in education and Renaissance Erasmus -Answer- humanist philosopher that critiqued the Church Thomas More -Answer- wrote satrical critique of Catholicism in Utopia Reasons for exploration -Answer- Religion (God); Wealth (Gold); Fame and International Recognition (Glory) they were able to explore because of... -Answer- Advances in cartography and ship making. Monarchs also financed expeditions Colombian Exchange -Answer- The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and Europe Effects of Colombian exchange on Europe -Answer- New World crops revolutionized European diet and made a surge in population. Influx of gold and silver contributed to the rising prosperity of merchant class Effects of Colombian exchange on the New World -Answer- Indigenous people were forced to work on plantations and mines in harsh conditions and civilizations like the Aztecs and Incas fell European diseases decimated population, making it easier for Europeans to gain control Mercantilism -Answer- An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.This created a balance of trade that led to the rise of capitalism and bourgeoisie 95 Theses (1517) -Answer- 95 reasons the Church was wrong/corrupt (including; salvation is achieved by faith alone, indulgences should jot be sold, nepotism in church leaders) German Peasants' War (1525) -Answer- German peasants supported Luther and decided to revolt when their nobles raised rents. However, Luther did not support them because he thought Christians should obey rules. This war strengthened the authority of German nobility