Psychology 101 Final Exam Latest 2022
Variables ✔✔the events, characteristics, behaviors, or conditions that researchers measure and
study.
subject or participant ✔✔an individual person or animal a researcher studies.
...
Psychology 101 Final Exam Latest 2022
Variables ✔✔the events, characteristics, behaviors, or conditions that researchers measure and
study.
subject or participant ✔✔an individual person or animal a researcher studies.
Sample ✔✔a collection of subjects researchers study. Researchers use samples because they
cannot study the entire population.
Population ✔✔the collection of people or animals from which researchers draw a sample.
Researchers study the sample and generalize their results to the population.
The Purpose of Research ✔✔-To find ways to measure and describe behavior
-To understand why, when, and how events occur
-To apply this knowledge to solving real-world problems
The scientific method ✔✔a standardized way of making observations, gathering data, forming
theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results.
A theory ✔✔an explanation that organizes separate pieces of information in a coherent way.
replicable ✔✔when others can repeat an experiment and get the same results.
hypothesis ✔✔a testable prediction of what will happen given a certain set of conditions.
naturalistic observation ✔✔researchers collect information about subjects by observing them
unobtrusively, without interfering with them in any way.
case study ✔✔The researcher collects data about the subject through interviews, direct
observation, psychological testing, or examination of documents and records about the subject.
survey ✔✔a way of getting information about a specific type of behavior, experience, or event.
When using this method, researchers give people questionnaires or interview them to obtain
information.
experiment ✔✔a researcher manipulates or changes a particular variable under controlled
conditions while observing resulting changes in another variable or variables.
Occam's razor ✔✔maintains that researchers should apply the simplest explanation possible to any
set of observations.
correlation ✔✔measurement of the strength of the relationship between two variables
reliability ✔✔if a test produces the same result when researchers administer it to the same group
of people at different times, it has reliability.
Validity ✔✔A test is valid if it actually measures the quality it claims to measure.
Bias ✔✔the distortion of results by a variable. Common types of bias include sampling bias,
subject bias, and experimenter bias.
Sensation ✔✔the process by which physical energ
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