NR 507 Week 5 Quiz (2 Versions) / NR507 Week 5 Quiz (Latest-2021): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Answers, Download to Score A|

Document Content and Description Below

NR 507 Week 5 Quiz (2 Versions) / NR507 Week 5 Quiz (Latest-2021): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Answers, Download to Score A| Week 5 Quiz Patho 1. Questio... n : Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? Student Answer: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Thyroxine (T4) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Triiodothyronine (T3) Instructor Explanation: The parathyroid glands produce PTH, a regulator of serum calcium. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 2. Question : Where is oxytocin synthesized? Student Answer: Hypothalamus Paraventricular nuclei Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Instructor Explanation: The posterior pituitary secretes two polypeptide hormones: (1) ADH, also called arginine vasopressin;and (2) oxytocin. Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: Question 3. Question : Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone? Student Answer: Cortisol Thyroxine (T4) Epinephrine Growth hormone (GH) Instructor Explanation: Lipid-soluble hormones, such as cortisol and adrenal androgens, are primarily circulated bound to a carrier or binding protein. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 4. Question : Which mineral is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones? Student Answer: Iron Zinc Iodide Copper Instructor Explanation: The thyroid gland is stimulated to produce thyroid hormone by pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), by low serum iodide levels, or by drugs interfering with the thyroid glands uptake of iodide from the blood. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 5. Question : The portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin is the _____ pituitary. Student Answer: posterior inferior anterior superior Instructor Explanation: The posterior pituitary secretes two polypeptide hormones: (1) ADH, also called arginine vasopressin, and (2) oxytocin. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 6. Question : Hormones are effective communicators because they Student Answer: are regularly synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities. increase their secretion in response to rising hormone levels. are rapidly degraded once they enter the cell. decrease their secretion in response to rising plasma hormone levels. Instructor Explanation: The release of hormones occurs either in response to an alteration in the cellular environment or in the process of maintaining a regulated level of certain hormones or certain substances. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 7. Question : What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? Student Answer: It increases serum calcium. It decreases serum calcium. It decreases serum magnesium. It increases serum magnesium. Instructor Explanation: Hyperphosphatemia leads to hypocalcemia. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 8. Question : What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)? Student Answer: Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Mammary glands Posterior pituitary Instructor Explanation: PRF secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates secretion of prolactin. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 9. Question : Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH) are located in the Student Answer: tubules of nephrons. thyroid gland. glomeruli of nephrons. smooth and skeletal muscles. Instructor Explanation: In the kidneys, PTH acts on its plasma membrane receptor in the distal and proximal tubules of the nephron. Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: Question 10. Question : Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located Student Answer: inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm. on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. inside the mitochondria. on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. Instructor Explanation: Lipid-soluble hormones easily diffuse across the plasma membrane and bind to either cytosolic or nuclear receptors. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 11. Question : A surgical individual just arrived on the unit from the postanesthesia care unit. This person’s respirations are 4 per minute and shallow. As the nurse calls for assistance, the person suddenly feels jittery and breathing quickens. Which of the following feedback loops is operating for the nurse in this situation? Student Answer: The central nervous system stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and stimulates the release of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The central nervous system directly stimulates the release of insulin, which reduces blood glucose levels. The central nervous system directly stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH), stimulating the release of cortisol. The central nervous system stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are secreted by the posterior pituitary, activating uterine contraction and renal absorption of water. Instructor Explanation: The secretion of cortisol is regulated primarily by the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland. In the hypothalamus, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is produced in several nuclei and stored in the median eminence. Once released, CRH travels through the portal vessels to stimulate the production of ACTH from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), b-lipotropin, g-lipotropin, endorphins, and enkephalins by the anterior pituitary. ACTH is the main regulator of cortisol secretion and adrenocortical growth. Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: Question 12. Question : Which of the following hormones acts on its target cell via a second messenger? Student Answer: Angiotensin II Thyroxine Estrogen Testosterone Instructor Explanation: In addition to being an important ion that participates in a multitude of cellular actions, Ca++ is considered an important second messenger. The binding of a hormone (such as norepinephrine or angiotensin II) to a surface receptor activates the enzyme phospholipase C through a G protein inside the plasma membrane. Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: Question 13. Question : The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves disease is usually Student Answer: high. low. normal. in constant flux. Instructor Explanation: The hyperfunction of the thyroid gland leads to suppression of TSH because of the normal negative feedback mechanism. Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: Question 14. Question : Which of the following laboratory values is consistently low in a client with diabetes insipidus (DI)? Student Answer: Urine specific gravity Serum sodium Urine protein Serum total protein Instructor Explanation: The basic criteria for diagnosing DI include a low urine specific gravity while sodium levels are high. Protein levels are not considered. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 15. Question : Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of Student Answer: the formation of ketones. chronic insulin resistance. an elevation in serum glucose. an increase in antidiuretic hormone. Instructor Explanation: Glucose accumulates in the blood and appears in the urine as the renal threshold for glucose is exceeded, producing an osmotic diuresis and the symptoms of polyuria and thirst. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 16. Question : The first lab test that indicates type 1 diabetes is causing the development of diabetic nephropathy is Student Answer: dipstick test for urine ketones. increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). protein on urinalysis. cloudy urine on the urinalysis. Instructor Explanation: Microalbuminuria is the first manifestation of this form of renal failure. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 17. Question : A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. These clinical manifestations are indicative of which endocrine disorder? Student Answer: Hyperthyroidism Hypoaldosteronism Diabetes insipidus (DI) Cushing disease Instructor Explanation: These symptoms are characteristic of Cushing disease and caused by excessive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 18. Question : Visual disturbances are a result of a pituitary adenoma because of the Student Answer: liberation of anterior pituitary hormones into the optic chiasm. pituitary hormones clouding the lens of the eyes. pressure of the tumor on the optic chiasm. pressure of the tumor on the optic and oculomotor cranial nerves. Instructor Explanation: Pressure on the optic chiasm causes a variety of visual disturbances. Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: Question 19. Question : Hyperpituitarism is generally caused by Student Answer: a pituitary adenoma. hypothalamic hyposecretion. autoimmune disorder of the pituitary. a neurohypophysial tumor. Instructor Explanation: Pituitary adenomas are generally associated with hyperpituitarism. The remaining options are not usually associated with the disorder. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 20. Question : Which of the following clinical manifestations is not common to both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)? Student Answer: Fluid loss Glycosuria Increased serum glucose Kussmaul respirations Instructor Explanation: Kussmaul respirations are seen only in DKA. Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: Question 21. Question : The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is related to an organic lesion of the Student Answer: anterior pituitary. thalamus. posterior pituitary. renal tubules. Instructor Explanation: Neurogenic DI is a result of dysfunctional antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesis caused by a lesion of the posterior pituitary, hypothalamus, or pituitary stalk. Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: Question 22. Question : The most probable cause of low serum calcium following a thyroidectomy is Student Answer: hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves disease. myxedema secondary to surgery. hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury. hypothyroidism caused by lack of thyroid replacement. Instructor Explanation: The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is damage caused during thyroid surgery resulting in a lack of circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH), causing a depressed serum calcium level. Points Received: 0 of 2 Comments: Question 23. Question : Which of the following laboratory values would the nurse expect to find if a person is experiencing syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? Student Answer: Hypernatremia and urine hypo-osmolality Serum K+ 5 and urine hyperosmolality Serum Na+ 120 and serum hypo-osmolality Hypokalemia and serum hyperosmolality Instructor Explanation: A diagnosis of SIADH requires a serum sodium level less than 135 mEq/L, serum hypo-osmolality less than 280 mOsm/kg, and urine hyperosmolarity. Potassium levels are not considered a factor. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 24. Question : A person with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. The most probable cause of these symptoms is Student Answer: hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration. fawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime. hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise. Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity. Instructor Explanation: The most likely cause of these symptoms is hypoglycemia, which is often caused by a lack of systemic glucose resulting from muscular activity. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 25. Question : The effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) include solute Student Answer: retention and water retention. retention and water loss. dilution and water retention. dilution and water loss. Instructor Explanation: The symptoms of SIADH are a result of dilutional hyponatremia and water retention. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: NR 507 Week 5 Quiz Possible Questions & Answers Aldosterone synthesis and secretion are primarily regulated by the A surgical individual just arrived on the unit from the postanesthesia care unit. This person’s respirations are 4 per minute and shallow. As the nurse calls for assistance, the person suddenly feels jittery and breathing quickens. Which of the following feedback loops is operating for the nurse in this situation? What effect does aldosterone have on fluid and electrolyte imbalances? What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? Where is oxytocin synthesized? Which mineral is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones? The portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin is the _____ pituitary. When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone. Which of the following hormones acts on its target cell via a second messenger? Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH) are located in the Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? The first lab test that indicates type 1 diabetes is causing the development of diabetic nephropathy is A deficiency of which of the following may result in hypothyroidism? Diagnosing a thyroid carcinoma is best done with The effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) include solute Which of the following clinical manifestations is not common to both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)? The signs of thyroid crisis resulting from Graves disease include What causes the microvascular complications of clients with diabetes mellitus? A man with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day. Electrolytes are within normal limits, but his antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level is low. Although he has had no intake for 4 hours, there is no change in his polyuria. These are indications of Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hirsutism, and osteopenia are each caused by a The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves disease is usually The most probable cause of low serum calcium following a thyroidectomy is Hyperpituitarism is generally caused by NR 507 Week 5 Quiz Specific Study Guide What controls the direct stimulation of the insulin-secreting cells. Chap 21 p 704 Types of protein hormones- chap 21 p 691 Assessing patients for elevated thyroxine production Chap 22 p 725 Direct effect of insulin binding to receptors chap 21 p 704-705 Lipid-soluble hormone receptors crossing plasma membrane chap 21 Effects of the removal of the posterior pituitary chap 22 p 718 Insulin regulation chap 22 Hormone-secreting tumor of the pancreas—what would increase? Chap 41 pg 1474 The effect of insulin on electrolytes chap 22 pg 745 Hormonal regulation involved in child birth and stopping uterine bleeding chap 21 pg 698-699 NR 507 Week 5 Quiz: Possible Questions & Answers What controls the direct stimulation of the insulin-secreting cells. Direct stimulation of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas by the autonomic nervous system is an example of __________ control? Types of protein hormones – A nurse is teaching staff about protein hormones. Which information should the nurse include? One of the protein hormones is: – A patient has high levels of hormones. To adapt to the high hormone concentrations, the patient’s target cells have the capacity for: – A patient has researched lipid-soluble hormones on the Internet. Which information indicates the patient has a good understanding? Lipid-soluble hormone receptors cross the plasma membrane by: – Hormones are effective communicators because they: – Which of the following is a protein hormone that is water soluble? – Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone? – Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream: – thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormones and is inhibited when plasma levels of thyroid hormone are adequate. This is an example of: – Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? – A 25-year-old male presents with fatigue, constipation, and sexual dysfunction. Tests reveal all pituitary hormones are normal and no masses are present. The nurse suspects the most likely cause of his symptoms is Assessing patients for elevated thyroxine production – A 45-year-old female has elevated thyroxine production. Which of the following would accompany this condition? – A 35 year old female with Graves disease is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. While the nurse is reviewing the lab tests, which results would the nurse expect to find? – While checking the lab results for a patient with Graves disease, the nurse would check the T3 level to … abnormally: Direct effect of insulin binding to receptors – A 30-year-old male was …. with hypothyroidism. Synthesis of which of the following would decrease in this patient? – When insulin binds to its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells occurs. This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone. Lipid-soluble hormone receptors crossing plasma membrane – Lipid-soluble hormone receptors cross the plasma membrane by? Effects of the removal of the posterior pituitary – When a staff member asks the nurse which gland secretes ADH and oxytocin, how should the nurse respond? – If a patient’s posterior pituitary is removed, which hormone would the nurse expect to decrease? – Which principle should the nurse include while planning care for a patient with an ADH problem? ADH release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by: – Which gland secretes ADH and oxytocin? – The portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin is the _____ pituitary. Insulin regulation – Insulin is primarily regulated by which of the following? – A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was … to the hospital with altered consciousness and the following lab values: serum glucose 500 mg/dl (high) and serum K+ 2 (low). Her parents state that she has been sick with the “flu” for a week. The diagnosis is hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS). What relationship do these values have with her insulin deficiency? – A nurse is teaching a patient about insulin. Which information should the nurse include? Insulin is primarily .. by: Hormone-secreting tumor of the pancreas—what would increase? A 30-year-old male is … with a hormone-secreting tumor of the pancreas alpha cells. Which of the following would the nurse expect to … most likely increased in this patient? The effect of insulin on electrolytes – Insulin has an effect on which of the following groups of electrolytes? – A nurse recalls insulin has an effect on which of the following groups of electrolytes? – Which electrolyte does insulin transport in the cell? – The major electrolyte of concern in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis is: – Which of the following statements best describes the rationale for administrating potassium supplements with the patient’s insulin therapy? – When a patient in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has insulin infusing intravenously, the nurse expects a drop in the serum levels of – As a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis receives insulin and fluids, the nurse knows careful assessment must … given to which of the following electrolytes? – A patient was … to the critical care unit with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Glucose is 349 mg/dL, K+ is 3.7 mEq/L, and pH is 7.10. Which of the following interventions would you expect? Hormonal regulation involved in child birth and stopping uterine bleeding – A nurse is teaching the staff about disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which information should the nurse include? The sequence of events in DIC is …. by the release of: – What is oxytocin, an endogenous hormone, .. by? – ……. responsibilities of oxytocin? – What hormonal level changes occur is ….. the initiators of labors? [Show More]

Last updated: 2 years ago

Preview 1 out of 18 pages