Rasmussen College Patho Exam 2 Questions and Answers

Manifestations of glomerulonephritis - ANSWER Edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER Inflammation of the glomeruli that typically follows a streptococcal infection. Peritonitis - ANSWER Cau ...

Manifestations of glomerulonephritis - ANSWER Edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia Glomerulonephritis - ANSWER Inflammation of the glomeruli that typically follows a streptococcal infection. Peritonitis - ANSWER Causes due to inflammation and abdominal muscle spasm. Abdomen becomes rigid and firm. Signs and symptoms of appendicitis - ANSWER Pain in McBurney's point (rebound tenderness on Rt lower abdomen), fever, nausea, occasional diarrhea. Appendicitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the vermiform appendix. Causes of mechanical bowel obstruction - ANSWER volvulus, intussusception Electrolyte involved in parathyroid gland imbalance - ANSWER Calcium Hypoparathyroidism= Hypocalcemia Hyperparathyroidism= Hypercalcemia Oliguric phase of acute renal failure - ANSWER Daily urine output decreases to approximately 400 mL or less, such that waste products begin to accumulate. Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - ANSWER Decrease T3 & T4. Increase TSH. Food intolerance, bradycardia, slow metabolism, weight gain, lethargy, hypotension. Acromegaly - ANSWER Increased bone size caused by excessive growth hormone in adulthood. Growth hormone secretion after epiphyseal plates have fused. Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) - ANSWER A common, nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs as men age. Signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) - ANSWER Hesitancy (difficulty initiating a stream), decreased stream or dribbling, Inability to pass urine. Pylonephritis - ANSWER Infection that has reached one or both kidneys. E coli is the most common culprit. Causes of pylonephritis - ANSWER UTI, urine backflow, kidney stones, obstructive uropathy, renal papillary necrosis, E. Coli. Ascending UTI Electrolyte abnormality caused by kidney disease - ANSWER Potassium Cushing's syndrome - ANSWER Excessive cortisol that results from the increased ACTH levels. Condition of excessive amounts of glucocorticoids. Signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome - ANSWER Hypercorticolism, moon face, buffalo hump, high blood sugar levels, weight gain, delayed wound healing, hyperglycemia. Diabetes insipidus - ANSWER Excessive fluid excretion in the kidneys caused by deficient antidiuretic hormone levels (ADH). Passing large amounts of dilute urine. Diabetes mellitus - ANSWER A group of conditions characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. Type I Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Previously called insulin-dependent and juvenile-onset. Develops when the body's immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells. Must have insulin. (((deficiency of insulin))) Type II Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Previously called non-insulin-dependent and adult-onset. Usually begins as insulin resistance. The pancreas gradually loses its ability to produce insulin. (((increased resistance or decreased sensitivity))) Hiatal hernia - ANSWER A stomach section protrudes upward through an opening in the diaphragm toward the lung. Causes of a hiatal hernia - ANSWER Increased intra-abdominal pressure Endometriosis - ANSWER Endometrium grows in areas outside the uterus. Side effects of exposure to antibiotics - ANSWER Diarrhea. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - ANSWER Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Complication associated with gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) - ANSWER Esophageal cancer Causes of peptic ulcer disease - ANSWER H. Pylori infection, alcoholism, smoking, and NSAIDs Hematuria - ANSWER Blood in the urine Hematemesis - ANSWER Blood in vomit Cervical cancer - ANSWER Human papilloma virus infection (HPV) is the cause of? Fluid electrolyte imbalance - ANSWER After effects of gastroenteritis leads to Peptic ulcer disease - ANSWER Lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or duodenum Gastroenteritis - ANSWER Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection or allergic reaction Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANSWER Complication of Type 1 diabetes. Fat is broken down into ketone bodies. Signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANSWER Acetone breath, Kussumaul's breathing, hypotension, tachycardia, abdominal pain, ketonuria. Stress incontinence - ANSWER Loss of urine from pressure exerted on the bladder by coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising, or lifting something heavy Urge incontinence - ANSWER Sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of urine Overflow incontinence - ANSWER Inability to empty the bladder, or retention. Inflammatory bowel disorders - ANSWER Chron's disease, ulcerative colitis Cause of polyuria in renal insufficiency - ANSWER Loss of tubule function Causes of obstruction in the renal system - ANSWER Tumor, BPH Herpes simplex virus type 1 - ANSWER Above the waist. Cold sore Herpes simplex virus type 2 - ANSWER Below the waist. Genital herpes Pelvic inflammatory disease- common organism and complication - ANSWER Neisseria gonorrhea Pre-renal, intrarenal, and postrenal kidney injury - ANSWER Hypovolemia, hypotension are causes for Thyroid storm (thyrotoxicosis) - ANSWER Extreme stage of hyperthyroidism which can lead to coma Signs and symptoms of thyroid storm - ANSWER serum T3 usually increases more than T4; in fact, only T3 is elevated in some cases. TSH will be low Signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus - ANSWER Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia Signs and symptoms/electrolyte abnormality of SIADH - ANSWER Hyponatremia, too much water retention Syphilis complication - ANSWER Latent stage- central nervous system complication and vascular complications Main cause of a urinary tract infections - ANSWER E. Coli Region of the body pain occurs with cholecystitis - ANSWER Right upper quadrant of abdomen. Most common reason is gallstones. Cholecystitis - ANSWER inflammation or infection in the biliary system caused by calculi Cystitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the bladder Cause of cystitis - ANSWER E. Coli Causes for chronic kidney disease - ANSWER Uncontrolled hypotension and diabetes Transmission of chlamydia during birth leads to - ANSWER Opthalmic neonatrum Chronic pancreatitis - ANSWER Alcoholism is the cause of Purpose of dialysis for the client with kidney disease - ANSWER Remove waste from the patient's body Dysphagia - ANSWER difficulty swallowing Symptoms of chronic gastritis - ANSWER Atrophy of the gastric mucosa leading to decreased gastric acid secretions. Polycystic kidney disease - ANSWER Numerous cysts in the kidneys. Genetic disease. Flow of filtrate through the kidneys - ANSWER Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting ducts.