Pearson Edexcel psychology paper1 Question paper 2020,100% CORRECT

Pearson Edexcel psychology paper1 Question paper 2020 Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference 8PS0/01 Psychology Advanced Subsidiary Paper 1: Social and Cognitive Psychology ...

Pearson Edexcel psychology paper1 Question paper 2020 Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference 8PS0/01 Psychology Advanced Subsidiary Paper 1: Social and Cognitive Psychology Instructions • Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. • Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need. Information • The total mark for this paper is 70. The marks for each question are shown in brackets – use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. The list of formulae and statistical tables are printed at the start of this paper. Candidates may use a calculator. Advice • Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over P62569A ©2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/ FORMULAE AND STATISTICAL TABLES Standard deviation (sample estimate) Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient Critical values for Spearman’s rank Level of significance for a one-tailed test 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0025 Level of significance for a two-tailed test N 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 5 0.900 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 6 0.829 0.886 0.943 1.000 1.000 7 0.714 0.786 0.893 0.929 0.964 8 0.643 0.738 0.833 0.881 0.905 9 0.600 0.700 0.783 0.833 0.867 10 0.564 0.648 0.745 0.794 0.830 11 0.536 0.618 0.709 0.755 0.800 12 0.503 0.587 0.678 0.727 0.769 13 0.484 0.560 0.648 0.703 0.747 14 0.464 0.538 0.626 0.679 0.723 15 0.446 0.521 0.604 0.654 0.700 16 0.429 0.503 0.582 0.635 0.679 17 0.414 0.485 0.566 0.615 0.662 18 0.401 0.472 0.550 0.600 0.643 19 0.391 0.460 0.535 0.584 0.628 20 0.380 0.447 0.520 0.570 0.612 21 0.370 0.435 0.508 0.556 0.599 22 0.361 0.425 0.496 0.544 0.586 23 0.353 0.415 0.486 0.532 0.573 24 0.344 0.406 0.476 0.521 0.562 25 0.337 0.398 0.466 0.511 0.551 26 0.331 0.390 0.457 0.501 0.541 27 0.324 0.382 0.448 0.491 0.531 28 0.317 0.375 0.440 0.483 0.522 29 0.312 0.368 0.433 0.475 0.513 30 0.306 0.362 0.425 0.467 0.504 The calculated value must be equal to or exceed the critical value in this table for significance to be shown. Chi-squared distribution formula ??2 = (0!?)2 ? ??? = ? − 1 ? − 1 Critical values for chi-squared distribution Level of significance for a one-tailed test 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0005 Level of significance for a two-tailed test df 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.001 1 1.64 2.71 3.84 5.02 6.64 10.83 2 3.22 4.61 5.99 7.38 9.21 13.82 3 4.64 6.25 7.82 9.35 11.35 16.27 4 5.99 7.78 9.49 11.14 13.28 18.47 5 7.29 9.24 11.07 12.83 15.09 20.52 6 8.56 10.65 12.59 14.45 16.81 22.46 7 9.80 12.02 14.07 16.01 18.48 24.32 8 11.03 13.36 15.51 17.54 20.09 26.12 9 12.24 14.68 16.92 19.02 21.67 27.88 10 13.44 15.99 18.31 20.48 23.21 29.59 11 14.63 17.28 19.68 21.92 24.73 31.26 12 15.81 18.55 21.03 23.34 26.22 32.91 13 16.99 19.81 22.36 24.74 27.69 34.53 14 18.15 21.06 23.69 26.12 29.14 36.12 15 19.31 22.31 25.00 27.49 30.58 37.70 16 20.47 23.54 26.30 28.85 32.00 39.25 17 21.62 24.77 27.59 30.19 33.41 40.79 18 22.76 25.99 28.87 31.53 34.81 42.31 19 23.90 27.20 30.14 32.85 36.19 43.82 20 25.04 28.41 31.41 34.17 37.57 45.32 21 26.17 29.62 32.67 35.48 38.93 46.80 22 27.30 30.81 33.92 36.78 40.29 48.27 23 28.43 32.01 35.17 38.08 41.64 49.73 24 29.55 33.20 36.42 39.36 42.98 51.18 25 30.68 34.38 37.65 40.65 44.31 52.62 26 31.80 35.56 38.89 41.92 45.64 54.05 27 32.91 36.74 40.11 43.20 46.96 55.48 28 34.03 37.92 41.34 44.46 48.28 56.89 29 35.14 39.09 42.56 45.72 49.59 58.30 30 36.25 40.26 43.77 46.98 50.89 59.70 40 47.27 51.81 55.76 59.34 63.69 73.40 50 58.16 63.17 67.51 71.42 76.15 86.66 60 68.97 74.40 79.08 83.30 88.38 99.61 70 79.72 85.53 90.53 95.02 100.43 112.32 The calculated value must be equal to or exceed the critical value in this table for significance to be shown. Mann-Whitney U test formulae ?? = ???? + ?? ??!1 ?? = ???? + ?? ??!1 − ?? − ?? (U is the smaller of Ua and Ub) Critical values for the Mann-Whitney U test Nb 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Na p ≤ 0.05 (one-tailed), p ≤ 0.10 (two-tailed) 5 4 5 6 8 9 11 12 13 15 16 18 19 20 22 23 25 6 5 7 8 10 12 14 16 17 19 21 23 25 26 28 30 32 7 6 8 11 13 15 17 19 21 24 26 28 30 33 35 37 39 8 8 10 13 15 18 20 23 26 28 31 33 36 39 41 44 47 9 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 10 11 14 17 20 24 27 31 34 37 41 44 48 51 55 58 62 11 12 16 19 23 27 31 34 38 42 46 50 54 57 61 65 69 12 13 17 21 26 30 34 38 42 47 51 55 60 64 68 72 77 13 15 19 24 28 33 37 42 47 51 56 61 65 70 75 80 84 14 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 77 82 87 92 15 18 23 28 33 39 44 50 55 61 66 72 77 83 88 94 100 16 19 25 30 36 42 48 54 60 65 71 77 83 89 95 101 107 17 20 26 33 39 45 51 57 64 70 77 83 89 96 102 109 115 18 22 28 35 41 48 55 61 68 75 82 88 95 102 109 116 123 19 23 30 37 44 51 58 65 72 80 87 94 101 109 116 123 130 20 25 32 39 47 54 62 69 77 84 92 100 107 115 123 130 138 Nb 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Na p ≤ 0.01 (one-tailed), p ≤ 0.02 (two-tailed) 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 6 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 15 16 18 19 20 22 7 3 4 6 7 9 11 12 14 16 17 19 21 23 24 26 28 8 4 6 7 9 11 13 15 17 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 9 5 7 9 11 14 16 18 21 23 26 28 31 33 36 38 40 10 6 8 11 13 16 19 22 24 27 30 33 36 38 41 44 47 11 7 9 12 15 18 22 25 28 31 34 37 41 44 47 50 53 12 8 11 14 17 21 24 28 31 35 38 42 46 49 53 56 60 13 9 12 16 20 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 14 10 13 17 22 26 30 34 38 43 47 51 56 60 65 69 73 15 11 15 19 24 28 33 37 42 47 51 56 61 66 70 75 80 16 12 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 82 87 17 13 18 23 28 33 38 44 49 55 60 66 71 77 82 88 93 18 14 19 24 30 36 41 47 53 59 65 70 76 82 88 94 100 19 15 20 26 32 38 44 50 56 63 69 75 82 88 94 101 107 20 16 22 28 34 40 47 53 60 67 73 80 87 93 100 107 114 Nb 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Na p ≤ 0.025 (one-tailed), p ≤ 0.05 (two-tailed) 5 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 6 3 5 6 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 21 22 24 25 27 7 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 8 6 8 10 13 15 17 19 22 24 26 29 31 34 36 38 41 9 7 10 12 15 17 20 23 26 28 31 34 37 39 42 45 48 10 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 33 36 39 42 45 48 52 55 11 9 13 16 19 23 26 30 33 37 40 44 47 51 55 58 62 12 11 14 18 22 26 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 13 12 16 20 24 28 33 37 41 45 50 54 59 63 67 72 76 14 13 17 22 26 31 36 40 45 50 55 59 64 67 74 78 83 15 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 70 75 80 85 90 16 15 21 26 31 37 42 47 53 59 64 70 75 81 86 92 98 17 17 22 28 34 39 45 51 57 63 67 75 81 87 93 99 105 18 18 24 30 36 42 48 55 61 67 74 80 86 93 99 106 112 19 19 25 32 38 45 52 58 65 72 78 85 92 99 106 113 119 20 20 27 34 41 48 55 62 69 76 83 90 98 105 112 119 127 Nb 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Na p ≤ 0.005 (one-tailed), p ≤ 0.01 (two-tailed) 5 0 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 7 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 21 22 24 8 2 4 6 7 9 11 13 15 17 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 9 3 5 7 9 11 13 16 18 20 22 24 27 29 31 33 36 10 4 6 9 11 13 16 18 21 24 26 29 31 34 37 39 42 11 5 7 10 13 16 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 12 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 31 34 37 41 44 47 51 54 13 7 10 13 17 20 24 27 31 34 38 42 45 49 53 56 60 14 7 11 15 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 63 67 15 8 12 16 20 24 29 33 37 42 46 51 55 60 64 69 73 16 9 13 18 22 27 31 36 41 45 50 55 60 65 70 74 79 17 10 15 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 60 65 70 75 81 86 18 11 16 21 26 31 37 42 47 53 58 64 70 75 81 87 92 19 12 17 22 28 33 39 45 51 56 63 69 74 81 87 93 99 20 13 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 67 73 79 86 92 99 105 The calculated value must be equal to or less than the critical value in this table for significance to be shown. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test process • Calculate the difference between two scores by taking one from the other • Rank the differences giving the smallest difference Rank 1 Note: do not rank any differences of 0 and when adding the number of scores, do not count those with a difference of 0, and ignore the signs when calculating the difference • Add up the ranks for positive differences • Add up the ranks for negative differences • T is the figure that is the smallest when the ranks are totalled (may be positive or negative) • N is the number of scores left, ignore those with 0 difference Critical values for the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test Level of significance for a one-tailed test 0.05 0.025 0.01 Level of significance for a two-tailed test n 0.1 0.05 0.02 N=5 0 - - 6 2 0 - 7 3 2 0 8 5 3 1 9 8 5 3 10 11 8 5 11 13 10 7 12 17 13 9 The calculated value must be equal to or less than the critical value in this table for significance to be shown. Answer ALL questions. SECTION A: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1 Jamshid’s school is proposing to implement a ‘no parking zone’ around the perimeter of the school to improve road safety for the students. He is planning to use a semi-structured interview to survey the parents of the students to gather their views on the proposal. (a) Describe how Jamshid could recruit the parents of the students using a volunteer sampling technique. 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(b) Jamshid has chosen to use open questions for his semi-structured interview. Define what is meant by an ‘open question’. (1) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (c) Jamshid was considering issues of subjectivity in relation to his semi-structured interview. Define what is meant by the term ‘subjectivity’ as used in psychology. (1) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (d) Explain two strengths of Jamshid using a semi-structured interview for his study. (4) 1 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... .................. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... .................. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (e) Explain one improvement that Jamshid could make to his study. 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(Total for Question 1 = 10 marks) 2 In social psychology, you will have learned about one of the following contemporary studies: • Burger (2009) • Reicher and Haslam (2006) • Cohrs et al. (2012). (a) State one aim of your chosen contemporary study. (1) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (b) Explain one strength of your chosen contemporary study. (2) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ....................... (Total for Question 2 = 3 marks) 3 Fiona wants to investigate whether residents in retirement homes are more likely to be friends with residents who share the same hobbies. She has decided to collect primary data. (a) Describe how Fiona could collect primary data for her investigation. (3) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (b) Using your knowledge of social identity theory, give two reasons why the residents may be more likely to be friends with residents who share the same hobbies. (2) 1 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... .................. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... 2 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... .................. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (Total for Question 3 = 5 marks) 4 In social psychology you will have studied individual differences in obedience, such as personality. Describe how personality may affect obedience. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (Total for Question 4 = 3 marks) 5 Evaluate social impact theory as an explanation of obedience. 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(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 29 MARKS SECTION B: COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 6 Bernadette carried out an experiment to investigate whether noise affects concentration. She asked the participants to complete a Word Search puzzle while a radio was playing loudly. The participants were given one minute to find as many words as possible. The same participants were given a different Word Search puzzle and once again given one minute to find as many words as possible but without the radio playing. (a) Identify the independent variable (IV) in the experiment conducted by Bernadette. (1) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (b) Bernadette used a repeated measures design in her experiment. Explain one strength and one weakness of using a repeated measures design. (4) Strength ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... Weakness ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (c) Bernadette decided to carry out a statistical test on her data. She used a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. Complete Table 1 and calculate the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for Bernadette’s data. (4) Participant Number of words found in the Word Search puzzle with radio playing loudly Number of words found in the Word Search puzzle without the radio playing Difference Rank Rank if positive Rank if negative A 8 11 B 7 7 C 9 16 D 11 12 E 13 18 F 9 8 G 8 16 H 5 17 I 13 11 J 6 17 Total: Table 1 SPACE FOR CALCULATIONS Wilcoxon T value .............................................................. (d) Explain one improvement Bernadette could have made to her experiment. (2) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (Total for Question 6 = 11 marks) 7 In cognitive psychology, you will have studied the working memory model (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974). (a) Describe the visuospatial sketchpad (VSSP). 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(b) Explain one strength of the working memory model. 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(Total for Question 7 = 4 marks) 8 In your studies of cognitive psychology, you will have conducted a practical investigation. (a) State the hypothesis for your practical investigation in cognitive psychology. (2) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (b) Describe one way you controlled for situational variables in your practical investigation in cognitive psychology. (2) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (c) Explain one conclusion from your practical investigation in cognitive psychology. (2) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................... (Total for Question 8 = 6 marks) 9 Evaluate Tulving’s (1972) explanation of long-term memory. 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(Total for Question 9 = 8 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 29 MARKS SECTION C 10 Evaluate the classic studies of Sherif et al. (1954/1961) and Baddeley (1966b) with reference to their implications for the real world. 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(Total for Question 10 = 12 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 12 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS