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Med Surg Focused Review Tracy Layton Define the following types of urinary incontinence: Stress, urge, overflow, reflex, functional, total. Stress Incontinence: urine leaks due to weakened pelvic f lo... or muscles and tissues. It can happen when pressure on your bladder increases -- such as when you exercise, laugh, sneeze, or cough. Pregnancy and childbirth can stretch and weaken a woman’s pelvic floor muscles. Other things that can lead to stress incontinence are being overweight or obese, taking certain medications or, in men, having prostate surgery. Urge Incontinence: occurs when the need to urinate comes on so quickly that you might fail to make it to the bathroom in time. Also known as overactive bladder or spastic bladder, this sudden need to urinate can be intense and frequent. The amount of urine in the bladder does not matter when it comes to urge incontinence. The nerves communicate a need to urinate, and the ability to inhibit this urge is compromised. The bladder spasms on its own and pushes the urine out. Urge incontinence can affect anyone at any age, but it appears to be more prevalent in the elderly. It can be caused by diabetes or a urinary tract infection, or by a nerve-affecting disorder like stroke, Alzheimer's disease, or multiple sclerosis. In some cases, it can be an early sign of bladder cancer. Overflow Incontinence: Overflow urinary incontinence is the opposite of urge incontinence. The urge to urinate isn’t felt, but the bladder begins uncontrollably leaking small amounts of urine anyway. The bladder is too full, and the urine is escaping to relieve pressure. It occurs often in men. It can be caused by a tumor or an enlarged prostate gland blocking the flow of urine, preventing the bladder from ever emptying completely. Diabetes, spinal cord injuries, and medications also can cause overflow incontinence. [Show More]
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