Exam 2-Herzing University Madison Mental Health (Questions and Answers)

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T or F Psychiatric illness is related to a number of factors (e.g., genetics, neurodevelopmental factors, drugs, infection, psychosocial experience). - ANSWER T Psychiatric illness results in an... ???? - ANSWER alteration in neurotransmitters or their function. These ______ are the targets of psychotropic drugs. - ANSWER alertations All mental activity has its ______ in the brain - ANSWER locus it is presumed that mental disorders arise from ________ alterations - ANSWER physiologic The primary goals of the nurse are to? (2 things) - ANSWER 1. Understand 2. Apply 1.Monitor the outside world 2.Maintain homeostasis (BP, body fluid composition, temp) 3.Regulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hormones (Hypothalamus and pituitary) These are functions of the ____. - ANSWER brain 4.Coordination of musculoskeletal system 5.Control of biological drives and behavior—appetite, sex, anger 6.Cycle of sleep and wakefulness These are functions of the _____. - ANSWER brain 7.Circadian rhythms 8.Conscious mental activity—cognition and problem solving 9.Memory These are functions of the ____. - ANSWER brain 10. Social skills 11. Language These are functions of the _____. - ANSWER brain 1. Regulates internal organs 2. Responsible for vital functions These are functions of the _______. - ANSWER brain stem 3. Reticular activating system (RAS) regulates sleep/wakefulness 4. Initial processing center for sensory information that is sent to the cerebral cortex These are functions of the _______. - ANSWER brain stem 5. Mesolimbic pathways project into the limbic system, modulates emotional value of sensory information These are functions of the _______. - ANSWER brain stem Limbic cortex is responsible for? - ANSWER mood hippocampus is responsible for? - ANSWER memory amydala is responsible for? - ANSWER emotions like fear and anxiety hypothalmus is responsible for? - ANSWER limbic output Regulates emotion and memory. - ANSWER Limbic system Reward Center. - ANSWER Limbic system Directly connects lower and higher brain functions. - ANSWER Limbic system Influences emotional response, visceral responses to emotions, motivation, mood, and sensations of pain and pleasure. - ANSWER Limbic system Plays role in addiction, mood disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia. - ANSWER Limbic system Curved sheet of cortex folded in the medial temporal lobe - ANSWER Hippocampus Shown to be underdeveloped in schizophrenia and atrophied in recurrent depression and PTSD. - ANSWER Hippocampus Exercise, as well as SSRIs, have been shown to help this regenerate - ANSWER Hippocampus Interacts with the prefrontal areas in memory and learning - ANSWER Hippocampus This is an important in psychiatry because of it's connection to the endocrine system. - ANSWER Hypothalamus This sends out releasing factors that direct the anterior pituitary to send out its hormones to the target glands. (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone) - ANSWER Hypothalamus The adrenal glands and the thyroid gland have been implicated in mood disorders. - ANSWER Hypothalamus help to control voluntary motor movements - ANSWER Basal Ganglia Multiple psychotropic medications can affect this area and cause movement disorders known as extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) - ANSWER Basal Ganglia Damage may cause problems controlling speech, movement, and posture - ANSWER Basal Ganglia A person may have difficulty starting, stopping, or sustaining movement when this is impaired - ANSWER Basal Ganglia There may also be problems with memory and other thought processes when this is impaired - ANSWER Basal Ganglia 1.Movement changes, such as involuntary or slowed movements 2.Increased muscle tone 3.Muscle spasms and muscle rigidity Symptoms of damaged ______. - ANSWER Basal Ganglia Memory loss Problems finding words Symptoms of damaged _______. - ANSWER Basal Ganglia Tremor Uncontrollable, repeated tics Symptoms of damaged ________. - ANSWER Basal Ganglia Regulates skeletal muscle coordination and the maintenance of equilibrium. - ANSWER Cerebellum Problem Solving, Judgment, Critical Thinking, Complex or Abstract Thought, Emotion, Attention, Motivation - ANSWER The Prefrontal Cortex __________ arise from a change in cerebral activity, an alteration in the amount of available neurotransmitters, or the number or function of receptors - ANSWER Symptoms Results in behavioral and ______ disturbances - ANSWER mental Symptoms are ________ changes. - ANSWER physiological ___________ medications are used to treat areas of the brain that cause altered mood and thought process. - ANSWER Psychotropic Once an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, a ___________ is released. - ANSWER neurotransmitter Equal neurotransmitters to receptors - ANSWER normal transmission Lacking neurotransmitters but not receptors - ANSWER deficient release Lacking receptors - ANSWER deficient receptors Immediate inactivation of the neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic membrane. - ANSWER destruction (way to remove neurotransmitters) After interacting with the postsynaptic receptor, the neurotransmitter is released and taken back to the presynaptic cell. The action is called the reuptake of the neurotransmitter. - ANSWER reuptake (way to remove neurotransmitters) All activities of the brain involve actions of neurons, neurotransmitters, and receptors. These are the targets of ___________ intervention. - ANSWER pharmocologic Most psychotropic drugs act by either increasing or decreasing the activity of certain _________-__________ systems. - ANSWER neurotransmitter-receptor Thought disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) are physiologically associated with abnormal transmission of ___________ (e.g. dopamine). - ANSWER neurotransmitters Decrease: Anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, mania, Huntington chorea, neurogenic pain Increase: Reduction of anxiety, schizophrenia, mania - ANSWER GABA Is the major mediator of excitatory signals in the central nervous system. Is involved in most aspects of normal brain function including cognition, memory, and learning. Implicated in Alzheimers and Epilepsy - ANSWER Glutamate Decrease: Parkinson disease, depression Increase: Schizophrenia, mania - ANSWER Dopamine Decrease: Depression, ADHD Increase: Anxiety states - ANSWER Norepinephrine Decrease: Depression Increase: Anxiety states - ANSWER Serotonin High levels associated with anxiety and depression - ANSWER Histamine Increase: Depression Decrease: Alzheimer disease, Huntington chorea, Parkinson disease - ANSWER Acetylcholine Regulation of mood and anxiety Role in pain management Role in Fibromyalgia - ANSWER Substance P Decrease: Alzheimer disease Increase: Huntington disease - ANSWER Somatostatin Decreased levels in spinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia. - ANSWER Neurotensin 1. herbal treatments 2. ADHD meds 3. Alzheimers meds Are ______ drugs. - ANSWER psychotropic 4.anti-psychotics 5.anti-convulsants 6.mood stabilizers Are _____ drugs. - ANSWER psychotropic 7.anti-anxiety hypnotics 8.anti-depressants Are ______ drugs. - ANSWER psychotropic 1.Reuptake inhibitors 2.Enzyme inhibitors Are psychopharmocologic drug _______. - ANSWER mechanisms 3.Agonists 4.Antagonists Are psychopharmocologic drug _______. - ANSWER mechanisms 5. Stimulants, NT precursors, ion channel modification etc. Are psychopharmocologic drug _______. - ANSWER mechanisms about _____% of American adults are affected with mental illness. - ANSWER 26% Approximately ___ million Americans suffer from mental illness in a given year...we THINK. - ANSWER 50 million T or F Mental Illness is more common than: Cancer Diabetes Heart Disease - ANSWER T T or F Psychiatric disorders are the number 1 reason for hospital admissions nationwide - ANSWER T T or F 35% of people with diagnosable disorders seek treatment....we THINK. - ANSWER T T or F Up to 13% of care administered is only minimally effective - ANSWER T Whky is access to mental health care limited? - ANSWER Lack of qualified providers Insurance limitations Reimbursement struggles The single most common barrier to seeking treatment: _______. - ANSWER Shame A state of well-being in which we can realize our potential, cope with normal stressors, work productively, and make a contribution to society. - ANSWER WHO definition of mental health -Shaped by cultural norms and societal values -Political climates, economics, and healthcare reimbursement criteria - ANSWER Pyschiatry's definition of mental health Clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome marked by: Moderate to marked distress or disability—OR the risk of suffering disability or loss of freedom. - ANSWER APA definition of mental health Mental "illnesses" have ______ diagnoses - ANSWER definable What may be impaired? (with mental illness) (3 things) - ANSWER Thinking Mood Behavior 1.Ability to relate to others & experience joy 2.Ability to play & laugh 3.Ability to empathize ____ health and well _____. - ANSWER mental being 4.Healthy self-concept 5.Ability to work & be productive 6.Attain self-defined spirituality ______ health and well _____. - ANSWER mental being 7.Self-control 8.Ability to keep things in perspective 9.Ability to cope, problem-solve, & think clearly ______ health and well _____. - ANSWER mental being 1.Mood Disorders 2.Anxiety Disorders 3.Psychotic Disorders Types of _____ ______. - ANSWER mental illness 4.Personality Disorders 5.Impulse Control / Compulsive & Addictive Disorders Types of ______ ______. - ANSWER mental illness [Show More]

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