CHAPTER 16 CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES EXAM REVIEW 2022 LATEST UPDATE

CHAPTER 16 CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES EXAM REVIEW 2022 LATEST UPDATE Atrium - One of two (right and left) upper chambers of the heart. The right receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricl ...

CHAPTER 16 CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES EXAM REVIEW 2022 LATEST UPDATE Atrium - One of two (right and left) upper chambers of the heart. The right receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left receives blood from pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle. Ventricle - One of two (right and left) lower chambers of the heart. The left chamber receives blood from the left atrium (upper chamber) and delivers blood to the aorta. The right chamber receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery. Aorta - The main artery leaving the left side of the heart, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body. The right side of the heart receives ________ from the_____ - Deoxygenated blood; veins The left ventricle is more muscular than the right ventricle because______________ - it must pump blood into the aorta to supply all other arteries of the body Normal electrical impulses begin in the ___________in the upper part of the______(also known as the sinoatrial (SA)node) - sinus node; right atrium automaticity - The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without stimulation from the nervous system. autonomic nervous system - The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food. sympathetic nervous system - The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls active functions such as responding to fear (also known as the "fight-orflight" system). parasympathetic nervous system - A subdivision of the autonomic nervous system, involved in control of involuntary functions such as digestion of food and relaxation, mediated largely by the vagus nerve through the chemical acetylcholine. myocardium - The heart muscle stroke volume - The volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction. dilation - Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery. coronary arteries - The blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle. aortic valve - The one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta; one of four heart valves. anterior - The front surface of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position. posterior - The back surface of the body; the side away from you in the standard anatomic position. The superior vena cava - carries blood from the head and arms back to the right atrium. The inferior vena cava - carries blood from the abdomen, kidneys, and legs back to the right atrium. Red blood cells - carry oxygen to the body's tissues and remove carbon dioxide. Larger white blood cells - help to fight infection. Platelets - which help the blood to clot, are much smaller than either red or white blood cells Plasma - mixture of water, salts, nutrients, and proteins, is the fluid that the cells float in. Systolic blood pressure - the maximum pressure generated in the arms and legs during the contraction of the left ventricle, during systole. Diastolic blood pressure - pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries while the left ventricle is at rest. cardiac output - A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate. perfusion - The circulation of oxygenated blood through body tissues and vessels; the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cells ischemia - A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred. Atherosclerosis - A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, eventually leading to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow; an accumulation of fat and cholesterol in the arteries. occlusion - A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel. CONTINUES...