CDR DTR Practice Exam Questions and Answers

Reasons that the general population is told to "eat your colors" when referring to fruits and vegetables include all of the following except: a. the different color contain different phytochemicals b. selecting from al ...

Reasons that the general population is told to "eat your colors" when referring to fruits and vegetables include all of the following except: a. the different color contain different phytochemicals b. selecting from all five colors ensures adequate protein intake c. doing so ensures adequate fiber intake, which may protect against certain types of cancers d. eating the colors helps lower type 2 diabetes and heart disease risks - ANSWER b. selecting from all 5 colors ensures adequate protein intake Which of the following cooking methods is recommended for cuts of beef such as stew beef, short ribs, chuck steak or beef round? a. pan frying b. broiling c. roasting d. braising - ANSWER d. braising genetically engineering food is a process by which scientists alter the gene make up of certain types of foods to achieve a certain characteristic. All of the following are potential benefits of genetically engineered food, except: a. a faster growing food supply, thus greater food production b. foods that tastes better and is more nutritious c. shorter shelf life d. reductions in pesticide use - ANSWER c. shorter shelf life Egg yolks used in lemon meringue pie primarily serve as which of the following agents? a. emulsifying agent b. coloring agent c. thickening agent d. textural agent - ANSWER b. coloring agent Which of the following is not an ingredient in baking powder? a. corn starch b. sodium bicarbonate c. cream of tartar d. potassium bicarbonate - ANSWER d. potassium bicarbonate Two men are the same age and both weight 150#, but one man 5'7" and the other is 6' tall. What can be determined about their resting metabolic rate? a. their resting metabolic rate is about the same b. the resting metabolic rate is higher for the taller man c. the resting rate is higher for the shorter man d. it is difficult to draw conclusions based on the info available - ANSWER b. the resting metabolic rate is higher for the taller man Which of the following statements is not true about soluble fiber? a. as soluble fiber is digested, it becomes gel-like b. soluble fiber works to slow the digestive process c. soluble fiber works to add bulk to the stool to help move food through the digestive tract faster d. soluble fiber may help lower cholesterol levels - ANSWER c. soluble fiber works to add bulk to the stool to help move food through the digestive tract faster Chronic alcoholics are most likely to be deficient in the following nutrients, except: a. magnesium b. thiamin c. folate d. vitamin C - ANSWER d. vitamin c The end product of sucrose digestion is: a. glucose and fructose b. glucose and galactose c. glucose and mannose d. 2 glucose molecules - ANSWER a. glucose and fructose Protein digestion begins in the: a. jejunum b. stomach c. small intestine d. brush border - ANSWER b. stomach A deficiency of vitamin D results in: a. rickets b. night blindness c. scurvy d. beri beri - ANSWER a. rickets All of the following are true about vitamin C, except: a. the best food sources of vitamin C are fruits, such as citrus, and vegetables, such as broccoli b. cigarette smokers should consume at least 100mg per day of vitamin c c. deficiency of vitamin c can result in issues with wound healing, bleeding gums, tooth loss, and leg pain d. the RDA is 75 mg for women and 100 mg for men - ANSWER d. the RDA is 75 mg for women and 100 mg for men -RDA increases for women during pregnancy and breastfeeding -the RDA for men is 90 mg Which of the following choices indicates nutritional risk? a. a nursing home patient stable on a tube feeding program b. diarrhea for 1 week w/ a 10# weight loss c. a 3 year-old girl with a sore throat and poor appetite for 2 days d. a 21 year-old male who is drinking protein shakes in an attempt to build muscle - ANSWER b. diarrhea for 1 week with a 10# weight loss A nutrition screen must be completed by which of the following? a. a registered dietitan b. a registered dietetic technician c. a nurse d. a trained health professional (not necessarily an RD or DTR) - ANSWER d. a trained health professional Which of the following lab values would best indicate nutritional risk? a. fasting blood glucose level of 135 mg/dL b. fasting cholesterol level of 199 mg/dL c. serum albumin level of 3.5 g/dL d. hematocrit level of 42% - ANSWER a. fasting blood glucose level of 135 mg/dL - normal is 70-99 mg/dL - 100-125 mg/dL indicates prediabetes - over 126 mg/dL indicates diabetes Which of the following statements are not true about a dietary history? a. information for a dietary history can be obtained using a food diary recorded by the individual for a period of 3-7 days b. a 24-hour recall is the most accurate way to obtain information about an individual's dietary history c. a food frequency questionnaire can be a tool used to obtain information about an individual's dietary history as it determines how often a person eats/drinks d. a nutrient intake analysis is a way to obtain info regarding a person's dietary history when they are hospitalized or living in another situation where observations can be made about the type and amount of food consumed - ANSWER b. a 24-hour recall is the most accurate way to obtain info about an individual's diet history A body mass index of 28 is considered to be: a. underweight b. overweight c. obese d. normal weight - ANSWER b. overweight Which of the following is a false statement about body mass index (BMI)? a. BMI is the best way to measure the amount of body fat on an individual b. men typically have less body fat than women even if the BMI's are the same c. competitive athletes may have a higher BMI because they may have higher muscle mass d. although the BMI is calculated the same way, BMI's for children are interpreted differently than that of adults using age and gender specific percentiles - ANSWER a. BMI is the best way to measure the amount of body fat on an individual Anthropometric measurements for children should include: a. weight for age, height or length for age and head circumference up to the age of 2 b. weight for age, skin-fold thickness and length or height for age c. weight for age, height or length for age and head circumference up to the age of 3 d. weight for age, skin-fold thickness, height or length for age and head circumference up to the age of 3 - ANSWER c. weight for age, height or length for age and head circumferences up to the age of 3 All of the following are true about the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) except: a. it is a validated tool used for nutrition screening and assessment in the over age 65 population b. the MNA screens for malnutrition or those who are at risk for malnutrition c. there is a short form to more quickly determine if a person is in good nutritional status and a longer form if a more detailed screen is required d. specialized training is required in order to be certified to administer this screening tool - ANSWER a. it is a validated tool used for nutritional screening and assessment in the over age 65 population All of the following are true statements about nutrition diagnosis except: a. nutrition diagnosis is when a nutritional issue is identified and labeled b. a physician must make a nutritional diagnosis in order for the individual to receive nutritional care c. a nutrition diagnosis is documented as problem-etiology-signs/symptoms d. standardized terminology is used to delineate nutritional diagnoses - ANSWER c. a nutritional diagnosis is documented as problem-etiology-signs/symptoms Potential nutrition diagnoses for an obese male with coronary heart disease may include all of the following except: a. food and nutrition related knowledge deficit b. physical inactivity c. excessive fat intake d. excessive hunger - ANSWER d. excessive hunger Potential nutrition diagnoses for a patient with a fasting blood glucose level of 135 mg/dl might include: a. alteration in metabolism (type 1 diabetes) b. alteration in metabolism (hyperglycemia) c. altered nutrition related lab values d. gestational diabetes - ANSWER c. altered nutrition related lab values -all the rest of medical diagnoses The recommended amount of weight gain for overweight pregnant woman is: a. 15-25# b. 25-35# c. 15# d. 28-40# - ANSWER a. 15-25# Folic acid requirements during pregnancy are increased because folic acid: a. deficiency causes glossitis b. helps prevent neural tube defects c. prevents pernicious anemia d. deficiency causes poor appetite - ANSWER b. helps prevent neural tube defects The best feeding plan for a normal 3-month old infant is: a. (8) 4 oz bottles of 20 cal/oz formula per day b. (6) 5 oz bottles of 20 cal/oz formula per day plus rice cereal added to the bottle at night c. breastfeeding on demand d. breastfeeding alternated with 20 cal/oz formula throughout the day - ANSWER c. breastfeeding on demand - if unable to breastfeed = standard 20 cal/oz Feeding a preschooler is often challenging due to food jags, pickiness, or the child's attempts to assert independence. What are effective strategies for managing a preschooler's nutrition? a. the child should be made to sit at the table until the meal or snack is consumed entirely b. small servings of a variety of foods should be offered on a fairly regular schedule c. snacks and beverages should not be provided within 90 minutes of a planned meal d. the parents should not focus too heavily on what is consumed at each meal or snack because over the course of a day, the calorie intake will be fairly consistent if a variety of foods are offered - ANSWER a. the child should be made to sit at the table until the meal or snack is consumed entirely Characteristics of the metabolic syndrome include all of the following, except: a. serum triglyceride greater than 150 mg/dl b. serum glucose greater than 110 mg/dl c. waist circumference greater than 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women d. blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm hg - ANSWER d. blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm hg - 135-85 mm hg The best initial nutrition intervention for a person with metabolic syndrome is: a. encouraging a 20% weight loss and at least 60 minutes per day of exercise b. implementing the TLC diet and increasing physical activity to a minimum of 30 min per day c. encouraging a 5-10% weight loss and implementing the dean ornish diet d. smoking cessation and adding medications to reduce lipids - ANSWER b. implementing the TLC diet and increasing physical activity to a min of 30 min per day What type of diet is used to treat celiac disease? a. gluten free b. low fiber c. lactose free d. high fiber - ANSWER a. gluten free What is the recommended initial nutrition intervention for diverticulitis? a. high fiber diet w/ adequate fluid and exercise b. high fat diet with moderate fiber c. chemically defined diet d. low fiber diet - ANSWER d. low fiber diet - once inflammation decreases, fiber can be slowly added back to goal of 30g/day How much protein is recommended for a patient with cirrhosis but without evidence of encephalopathy to maintain positive nitrogen balance? a. 0.5-0.6 g/kg b. 0.8-1.0 g/kg c. 1.2-1.3 g/kg d. 1.5 g/kg - ANSWER b. 0.8-1.0 g/kg - c is for negative nitrogen balance - d for when pt is stressed The nutritional priority for a pt with a newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes is: a. weight loss b. determination of a medication regimen then establishment of a meal plan c. establishment of a meal plan then coordination of the medication regimen to match the meal plan and exercise habits d. placement of an insulin pump - ANSWER c. establishment of a meal plan then coordination of the medication regimen to the match the meal plan and exercise habits All of the following would be potential interventions for a patient with type 2 diabetes, except: a. weight loss b. increasing physical activity c. reducing calorie intake d. chromium supplementation - ANSWER d. chromium supp A woman with T2DM who is overweight and takes an oral agent but otherwise has good blood glucose control asks you if she can include 1-2 glasses of wine with each night's dinner. The best response is: a. a 5 oz glass of wine may be consumed b. alcohol is not recommended for anyone with diabetes c. it is okay to have a glass or two of wine as long as she omits 2-carbs from her dinner d. she should decide for herself if she wants to drink wine, but if she does, she should take it on an empty stomach - ANSWER a. a 5oz glass of wine may be consumed How many g of carb are in the following breakfast: 4 oz OJ, 2 slices whole wheat toast with 2 tsp magarine and 1 tbsp jelly, 1/2 cup oatmeal with 1/2 of a banana, and a small cup of black coffee. a. 50 g b. 60 g c. 90 g d. 120 g - ANSWER c. 90g OJ = 15g toast = 15 + 15 = 30g jelly = 15 g oatmeal = 15g banana = 15g Intervention aimed to modify which of the following risk factors will reduce cardiovascular risk? a. age, cigarette smoking, obesity b. high fat diet, hypertension, cigarette smoking c. diabetes, homocysteine, alcohol consumption d. family history, LDL cholesterol, physical activity - ANSWER b. high fat diet, hypertension, cigarette smoking Which of the following are examples of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids? a. palmitic acid and lauric acid b. eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid c. linoleic acid and linolenic acid d. arachidonic acid and oleic acid - ANSWER b. EPA and DHA a - palm oil and saturated fat c - omega 6 and omega 3 d - polyunsaturated and monounsatured omega 9 All of the following are true about trans fatty acids, except: a. trans fats are created through hydrogenation, which is a process that helps to prevent polyunsaturated fats from becoming rancid b. trans fats are found in commercially prepared baked goods, fried foods, processed foods, and some margarines c. the food industry has begun to alter the manufacturing of many products to omit trans fats, and many restaurants have stopped using partially hydrogenated oils d. trans fats lower HDL levels and increase total cholesterol but have no effect of LDL cholesterol - ANSWER d. trans fats lower HDL levels and increase total cholesterol but have no effect of LDL cholesterol A pt in the hospital recovering from a heart attack wants assistance with his menu selection. He is looking to increase fiber in his diet as he has learned that certain types of fiber more efficiently reduce cholesterol levels. Which of the following foods would be the most beneficial? a. oatmeal b. wheat bran c. carrots d. whole wheat bread - ANSWER a. oatmeal - soluble fibers such as dried beans/peas, rice bran, citrus fruits, apples and strawberries reduce cholesterol - insoluble fiber such as whole wheat bread, cereals, wheat bran, and carrots do not Which of the following best describes the guidelines for the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet? a. limit sodium to 3000 mg/day, calories from fat to less than 35% of total cals, w/ those from sat fat less than 10%, cholesterol to less than 300 mg/day, and sufficient kcals to achieve and maintain a healthy body wt b. limit sodium to 3000 mg/day, kcals from fat to less than 30% of total kcals, w/ those from sat fat making up less than 5%, cholesterol to less than 200 mg/day, and sufficient kcals to achieve or maintain a healthy body weight c. limit sodium to 2400 mg/day, kcals from fat to 25-35% of total kcals, with those from sat fat less than 7%, cholesterol to less than 200 mg/day, and sufficient kcals to achieve or maintain a healthy body weight d. limit sodium to 2400 mg/day, kcals from fat to 30% of total kcals, with those from sat fat less than 10%, cholesterol to less than 200 mg/day, and sufficient kcals to achieve or maintain a healthy body weight - ANSWER c. limit sodium to 2400 mg/day, kcals from fat to 25-35% of total kcals, with those from sat fat less than 7%, cholesterol to less than 200 mg/day, and sufficient kcals to achieve or maintain a healthy body weight Which of the following is the next step for an individual who does not want to begin medication to lower blood cholesterol but has not had success with the TLC diet? a. consume less than 20% of total kcals from fat, with less than 10% coming from saturated sources, and less than 200 mg cholesterol per day b. consume less than 15% of total kcals from fat, with less than 8% coming from saturated sources, and less than 100 mg cholesterol per day c. consume less than 10% of total kcals from fat, with less than 5% coming from saturated sources, and less than 50 mg cholesterol per day d. consume less than 10% of total kcals from fat, with less than 3% coming from saturated sources, and less than 5 mg cholesterol per day - ANSWER d. consume less than 10% of total kcals from fat, with less than 3% coming from saturated sources, and less than 5 mg cholesterol per day The purpose of nutrition screening includes all of the following, except: a. identifying risk factors known to be associated with nutritional issues b. identifying individuals who are malnourished c. assessing body mass index d. to more efficiently identify individuals who require a full nutrition assessment - ANSWER c. assessing body mass index What lifestyle change is most beneficial to a person with hypertension? a. limiting alcohol to 1 oz/day for men or 1/2 oz/day for women b. lose weight if overweight c. lower sodium intake to less than 2400 mg/day d. increase intake of calcium, magnesium, and potassium - ANSWER b. lose weight if overweight As a dietetic technician, you are assisting in a program targeting overweight adolescents at risk for developing hypertension. What would be an appropriate goal for the program? a. address lifestyle modifications such as weight control, reducing sodium intake, and increasing physical that are known to control blood pressure b. weight loss c. blood pressure monitoring d. teach the adolescents appropriate forms of physical activity in order to promote positive exercise habits - ANSWER a. address lifestyle modifications such as weight control, reducing sodium intake, and increasing physical that are known to control blood pressure A woman is following the DASH diet. She is consuming 1800 kcal/day. Which of the following sets of nutritional goals is appropriate DASH diet guidelines? a. 60 g of total fat with up to 20 g saturated fat, 70 g protein, 250 g carbs, 2300 mg sodium, 200 mg cholesterol, 20 g fiber b. 50 g of total fat with up to 20 g saturated fat, 90 g protein, 250 g carbs, 1500 mg sodium, 100 mg cholesterol, 25 g fiber c. 90 g of total fat with up to 25 g saturated fat, 90 g protein, 270 g carbs, 2300 mg sodium, 300 mg cholesterol, 30 g fiber d. 55g total fat, up to 12g sat fat, 80 g protein, 250 g carbs. 2300 mg sodium, 150 mg cholesterol, 30 g fiber - ANSWER d. 55g total fat, up to 12g sat fat, 80 g protein, 250 g carbs. 2300 mg sodium, 150 mg cholesterol, 30 g fiber Which of the following lists best supports a potassium-rich diet? a. cucumbers, mushrooms, apples, and peanuts b. romaine lettuce, pears, walnuts, yogurt c. sweet potatoes, spinach, soybeans, apricots d. green beans, carrots, pineapple, hard candy - ANSWER c. sweet potatoes, spinach, soybeans, apricots As a dietetic technician, you are assisting a 78-yo man with congestive heart failure with meal selection. He has gained 10 pounds over the past week and is starting Lasix. What is a reasonable goal for this patient in terms of meal selection? a. 2000-3000mg sodium per day, adequate potassium, and a mild fluid restriction b. no added salt diet with 2000 mg potassium and 500 ml fluid restriction c. 1500 mg sodium, 4000 mg potassium, and 2000ml fluid per day d. 500 mg sodium with 2000 mg potassium, 1000 ml fluid restriction - ANSWER a. 2000-3000 mg sodium per day, adequate potassium and a mild fluid restriction The main, long-term nutritional priorities for post-cardiac transplant patients likely include all of the following ,except: a. monitoring and managing glucose intolerance b. instituting a high protein diet to prevent catabolism due to steriods c. weight management d. cholesterol management - ANSWER b. instituting a high protein diet to prevent catabolism due to steriods Outcome measures for nutritional intervention for a pt with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may include all of the following, except: