Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide *latest complete guide*

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Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 1 • ATP function • Membrane potentials and their functions o Chapter 2 • Normal adaptive process (cell structure and function) o . • At... rophy: • Hypertrophy: • Hyperplasia: • Metaplasia:. • Dysplasia:. o cellular swelling: o fatty changes:. o Hypoxic cell injury: • Apoptosis: • coagulate. • Wet gangrene: • Gas gangrene: • Acute inflammation -Local Response o Vascular stage: o Cellular stage: • . • Margination and adhesion • Transmigration • Chemotaxis- • Activation and phagocytosis • Systemic response: . o Acute Phase Response: o White blood cell response: • Chronic inflammation: • Plasma-derived mediators: • Cell-derived mediators: o . o Purulent Chapter 4 • Cell proliferation: • Cell differentiation:. • Phases of tissue repair o . • replacement • tissue regeneration: • scar formation: tissue occurs • fibrosis: T • organization: • adhesions: • Infection: • Wound separation (Dehisce): • Foreign bodies: • Phases of healing • Factors of Influence Chapter 5 • Genotype: A persons genetic material. • Phenotype: • Hematopoietic System • Lymphatic System • Hematopoietic growth factors o Neutrophils o Eosinophils: o Basophils: o Mast cells: o B cells o T cells:  T-helper cells (CD4+):  Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+): o Natural killer cells: • Role of the lymphoid tissues • Types of non-neoplastic disorders of white blood cells o Leukopenia o Leukocytosis: o Neutropenia: o Aplastic anemia: • Differentiate types of leukemia • Differentiate malignant lymphomas (Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas) o Non-Hodgkin lymphoma o Hodgkin lymphoma Chapter 12 • Differentiate components of hemostasis • State the five stages of hemostasis • Differentiate causes and clinical manifestations of hypercoagulability states • Differentiate platelet disorders leading to bleeding • Differentiate inherited and acquired coagulation disorders o Inherited • Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation • Relate the structure of red blood cells to their function • Trace iron from absorption to recycling and storage and predict consequences of iron deficiency or excess     • Iron is recycled, when RBC’s age or are destroyed in the spleen, the iron from their hemoglobin is released into the circulation and returned to the bone marrow for incorporation into new RBC’s or to the liver for storage • Anemia o ) • Iron-deficiency anemia • Vitamin B12-deficiency anemia • Sickle Cell Disease • Hemolytic Anemia • Aplastic Anemia (inability to regenerate red blood cells) • Polycythemia • Bilirubin Chapter 14 • Infection/ Colonization: presence or multiplication within another living organism. • Portals of Entry (doesn’t dictate the site of infection) • Stages of Infection ** • Serology: study of serum, measures serum antibodies in the host • Opportunistic Infections: infections that occur more frequently and severe in people with weakened immune systems (HIV) Chapter 15 • Innate Immunity: first line of defense • Adaptive Immunity • Cells of the Immune System • Cytokines • Where Do Lymphocytes Come From? • Immunoglobulins • Adaptive Immunity- Humor response: primary immune response • Secondary immune response o . • Adaptive Immunity: Cell mediated immunity • Active • • Antibody: Y shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to exposure toChapter 17 • Valves: ensure one -way flow through an area of the heart • Heart Layers • Functions of the heart muscle • Cardiac Conduction  • Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate • Blood Pressure= Cardiac Output x Peripheral Resistance • Blood Flow • Blood flow through the heart Chapter 18 • Lipoproteins o ”/ • Lipid transport in the body: Cholesterol is a fat used to make bile acids in the liver which breaks down and metabolizes other fats/ • Atherosclerosis • Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) • Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD) • Aneurysm • Hypertension • Orthostatic Hypertension • Varicose Veins [Show More]

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