ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM 2020 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION(100% correct)Graded A.

• ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM- SPRING 2020 • Question 1 0 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A p ...

• ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM- SPRING 2020 • Question 1 0 out of 1 points When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with an empyema. What does the healthcare professional tell the patient about this condition? • Question 3 0 out of 1 points A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition? • Question 4 1 out of 1 points Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what? • Question 5 1 out of 1 points A patient had a myocardial infarction that damaged the SA node, which is no longer functioning as the pacemaker of the heart. What heart rate would the healthcare provider expect the patient to have? • Question 6 1 out of 1 points Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? • Question 7 1 out of 1 points In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? • Question 8 0 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best? • Question 9 1 out of 1 points A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best? • Question 10 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? • Question 11 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action? • Question 12 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation? • Question 13 1 out of 1 points Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? • Question 14 1 out of 1 points Which renal change is found in older adults? • Question 15 1 out of 1 points What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? • Question 16 1 out of 1 points What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? • Question 17 1 out of 1 points In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? • Question 18 0 out of 1 points A patient in the clinic reports projectile vomiting without nausea or other gastrointestinal symptoms. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? • Question 19 1 out of 1 points What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? • Question 20 1 out of 1 points A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? • Question 21 0 out of 1 points A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? • Question 22 1 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? • Question 23 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? • Question 24 0 out of 1 points A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions. What description by the professor is best? • Question 25 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? • Question 26 0 out of 1 points What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? • Question 27 1 out of 1 points An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? • Question 28 0 out of 1 points Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? • Question 29 1 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? • Question 30 1 out of 1 points Which normal physiologic change occurs in the aging pulmonary system? • Question 31 1 out of 1 points A patient's chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. The student asks the healthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by the professional is most accurate? • Question 32 1 out of 1 points A patient asks the healthcare professional why tissue damage occurs in acute rejection after organ transplantation. What response by the professional is best? • Question 33 0 out of 1 points A patient asks the healthcare professional to describe the cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What response by the professional is best? • Question 34 1 out of 1 points What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)? • Question 35 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin-related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat? • Question 36 1 out of 1 points Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures? • Question 37 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for? • Question 38 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that have become so frequent the child is always in trouble. For which health condition should the professional facilitate testing? • Question 39 1 out of 1 points It has been determined that a patient's tumor is in stage 2. How does the healthcare professional describe this finding to the patient? • Question 40 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain. Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material? • Question 41 1 out of 1 points A patient has a peptic ulcer related to h. pylori bacteria. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on? Selected Answer: Antibiotic therapy • Question 42 1 out of 1 points What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? • Question 43 1 out of 1 points A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best? • Question 44 1 out of 1 points Which cardiac chambers have the thinnest wall and why? • Question 45 1 out of 1 points Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? • Question 46 1 out of 1 points A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best? • Question 47 1 out of 1 points The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor? • Question 48 1 out of 1 points What is one function of the tumor cell marker? • Question 49 1 out of 1 points A patient has a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 30mmHg. What assessment finding by the healthcare professional would be most consistent with this reading? • Question 50 1 out of 1 points A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the professional is most accurate? • Question 51 1 out of 1 points What are blood pressure variations associated with? • Question 52 1 out of 1 points A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional is best? • Question 53 0 out of 1 points A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? • Question 54 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get? • Question 55 0 out of 1 points Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? • Question 56 1 out of 1 points People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? • Question 57 0 out of 1 points The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? • Question 58 1 out of 1 points A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet? • Question 59 0 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? • Question 60 0 out of 1 points A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information? • Question 61 1 out of 1 points What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of hypertension? • Question 62 0 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? • Question 63 1 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? • Question 64 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? • Question 65 1 out of 1 points A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? • Question 66 0 out of 1 points The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? • Question 67 0 out of 1 points What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion? • Question 68 0 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with primary emphysema but claims there is no history of smoking. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? • Question 69 0 out of 1 points The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance? • Question 70 0 out of 1 points The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate? • Question 71 1 out of 1 points Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? • Question 72 1 out of 1 points When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA? • Question 73 1 out of 1 points A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional? • Question 74 1 out of 1 points A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus? • Question 75 0 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary muscles. What response by the professional is best? • Question 76 1 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? • Question 77 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? • Question 78 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? • Question 79 1 out of 1 points A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would the healthcare professional associate with this condition? • Question 80 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient? • Question 81 0 out of 1 points Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? • Question 82 1 out of 1 points Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant? • Question 83 1 out of 1 points A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? • Question 84 0 out of 1 points What are tumor cell markers? • Question 85 1 out of 1 points A Rh-negative woman gave birth to a Rh-positive baby. When discussing Rho[D] immunoglobulin with her, what information should the healthcare professional provide? • Question 86 1 out of 1 points If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? • Question 87 1 out of 1 points What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection? • Question 88 0 out of 1 points During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte? • Question 89 1 out of 1 points A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. What self-care measure does the healthcare provider teach the patient that is specific to this type of infection? • Question 90 0 out of 1 points During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax? • Question 91 1 out of 1 points What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? • Question 92 1 out of 1 points Where is two thirds of the body's water found? • Question 93 0 out of 1 points The student asks the professor why water and electrolytes are transported in both directions through tight junctions and intercellular spaces rather than across cell membranes. What response by the professor is best? • Question 94 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition? • Question 95 1 out of 1 points A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see? • Question 96 1 out of 1 points How do free radicals cause cell damage? • Question 97 1 out of 1 points What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? • Question 98 0 out of 1 points What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? • Question 99 1 out of 1 points After a partial gastrectomy, gastric bypass, or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism? Selected Answer: Rapid gastric emptying • Question 100 0 out of 1 points A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior?