EMT-Basic-Questions and Answers

medial - ANSWER toward the midline of the body lateral - ANSWER to the side, away from the midline of the body bilateral - ANSWER on both sides mid-axillary line - ANSWER a line drawn vertically from the middle ...

medial - ANSWER toward the midline of the body lateral - ANSWER to the side, away from the midline of the body bilateral - ANSWER on both sides mid-axillary line - ANSWER a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle anterior - ANSWER the front of the body or body posterior - ANSWER the back of the body or body part ventral - ANSWER referring to the front of the body. a synonym for anterior dorsal - ANSWER referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. A synonym for posterior superior - ANSWER toward the head. inferior - ANSWER away from the head; usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head proximal - ANSWER closer to the torso distal - ANSWER farther away from the torso torso - ANSWER the trunk of the body; the body without the head and the extremities palmer - ANSWER referring to the palm of the hand plantar - ANSWER referring to the sole of the foot mid-clavicular - ANSWER the line through the center of the clavical abdominal quadrants - ANSWER four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury: the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the right lower quadrant and the left lower quadrant supine - ANSWER lying on the back recovery position - ANSWER lying on the side. also called the lateral recumbent position Fowler's Position - ANSWER a sitting position Right Upper Quadrant - ANSWER Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder Left Upper Quadrant - ANSWER Liver, Spleen, Left Kidney, Stomach, Colon Pancreas Right Lower Quadrant - ANSWER Right Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the right leg, Ureter, Apendix Left Lower Quadrant - ANSWER Left kidney, colon, small intestines, major artery and vein to the left leg, ureter Trendelenburg Position - ANSWER a position in which the patients feet and legs are higher than the head (Shock position) musculoskeletal system - ANSWER system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement skeleton - ANSWER the bones of the body muscle - ANSWER tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part ligament - ANSWER tissue that connects bone to bone tendon - ANSWER tissue that connects muscle to bone skull - ANSWER the bony structure of the head cranium - ANSWER the top, back and sides of the skull mandible - ANSWER the lower jaw bone maxillae - ANSWER the two fused bones forming the upper jaw nasal bones - ANSWER the nose bones orbits - ANSWER the bony structures around the eyes, the eye sockets zygomatic arches - ANSWER form the structure of the cheeks vertebrae - ANSWER the 33 bones of the spinal column thorax - ANSWER the chest sternum - ANSWER breastbone manubrium - ANSWER the superior portion of the sternum xiphoid process - ANSWER inferior portion of the sternum pelvis - ANSWER the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities ilium - ANSWER the superior and widest portion of the pelvis ischium - ANSWER the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis pubis - ANSWER the medial anterior portion of the pelvis acetabulum - ANSWER the pelvis socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint femur - ANSWER the large bone of the thigh patella - ANSWER kneecap tibia - ANSWER the medial and larger bone of the lower leg fibula - ANSWER the lateral and small bone of the lower leg malleolous - ANSWER protrusion on the side of the ankle. tarsal - ANSWER ankle bone metatarsal - ANSWER the foot bone calcaneus - ANSWER the heel bone phalanges - ANSWER the toe and finger bones clavicle - ANSWER the collarbone scapula - ANSWER Shoulder Blade acromion process - ANSWER the highest portion of the shoulder acromioclavicular joint - ANSWER the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet humerus - ANSWER the bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow radius - ANSWER the lateral bone of the forearm carpals - ANSWER wrist bones metacarpals - ANSWER hand bones joints - ANSWER the point where two bones come together voluntary muscle - ANSWER muscle that can be conscious controlled; attaches to bones; forms the major muscle mass of the body, responsible for movement involuntary muscle - ANSWER muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled cardiac muscle - ANSWER specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart; has its own blood supply; contracts on its own automaticity - ANSWER the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own respiratory system - ANSWER the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide oropharynx - ANSWER the area directly posterior to the mouth nasopharynx - ANSWER the area directly posterior to the nose pharynx - ANSWER the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx epiglottis - ANSWER a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea larynx - ANSWER the voice box cricoid cartilage - ANSWER the ring-structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx trachea - ANSWER the 'windpipe'; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs lungs - ANSWER the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place bronchi - ANSWER the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi alveoli - ANSWER the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place diaphragm - ANSWER the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration inhalation - ANSWER an active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs exhalation - ANSWER a passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs cardiovascular system/circulatory system - ANSWER the system made up of the heart and the blood vessels atria - ANSWER the two upper chambers of the heart, there is a right (receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and the left (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body) ventricles - ANSWER the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right (which sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs) and the left (sends oxygen rich blood to the body) venae cavae - ANSWER the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. Return blood from the body to the right atrium valve - ANSWER a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction cardiac conduction system - ANSWER a system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat artery - ANSWER any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart coronary arteries - ANSWER blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart aorta - ANSWER the largest artery in the body. transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation pulmonary arteries - ANSWER vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs carotid arteries - ANSWER large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood blood from the heart to the head femoral artery - ANSWER the major artery supplying the leg brachial artery - ANSWER artery of the upper arm; site of the pulse checked during infant CPR radial artery - ANSWER artery of the lower arm. it is felt when taking the pulse at the wrist posterior tibial artery - ANSWER artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle dorsalis pedis artery - ANSWER artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe arteriole - ANSWER the smallest kind of artery capillary - ANSWER a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place venule - ANSWER the smallest kind of vein vein - ANSWER any blood vessel returning blood to the heart pulmonary veins - ANSWER the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart Designated agent - ANSWER an EMT or other person authorized by a medical director to give medications and provide emergency car.