Define altered mental status. - ANSWER A variation from normal function of the mind as judged by a person's behavior, appearance, speech, memory, judgment, or responsiveness to stimuli.
What are the ranges of altered
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Define altered mental status. - ANSWER A variation from normal function of the mind as judged by a person's behavior, appearance, speech, memory, judgment, or responsiveness to stimuli.
What are the ranges of altered mental status? - ANSWER From disorientation to total unresponsiveness or unconsciousness.
When on any scene when do you call for additional resources? - ANSWER After determining the MOI/NOI
What is the purpose of HIPPA? - ANSWER To protect the privacy and control over the patient's own healthcare information.
HIPPA limits the EMT to sharing information to who? - ANSWER Only to people who need to view the information.
What pathogens are multi-drug resistant? - ANSWER Viruses, because they are usually unreachable within the host cell.
What is the sagittal plane? - ANSWER Divides the body into left and right halves.
What is the frontal plane? - ANSWER Divides the body into front and back halves.
What is the transverse or horizontal plane? - ANSWER Divides the body into lower and upper halves.
What is the midline? - ANSWER Line that corresponds with the midsagittal plane because it divides the body into equal halves.
What is the midaxillary line? - ANSWER From the armpit down to the ankle.
What is the transverse line? - ANSWER Line drawn at the waist.
What is the superior plane? - ANSWER Upper waist.
What is the inferior plane? - ANSWER Lower waist.
What is anterior? - ANSWER Toward the front.
What is posterior? - ANSWER Toward the back.
What is superior? - ANSWER Toward the head, or above the reference the point.
What is inferior? - ANSWER Toward the feet, or below the reference point.
What does dorsal mean? - ANSWER Toward the backbone.
What does ventral mean? - ANSWER Toward the front or belly.
What does medial mean? - ANSWER Toward the midline.
What does lateral mean? - ANSWER Left or right of the midline.
What does proximal mean? - ANSWER Toward the point of reference.
What does distal mean? - ANSWER Away from the point of reference.
What part of the spine is the neck? - ANSWER C1-C7
What part of the spine is the upper back? - ANSWER T1-T12
What part of the spine is the lower back? - ANSWER L1-L5
What part of the spine is the back of the pelvis? - ANSWER Sacral spine (S1-S5)
What is the tailbone? - ANSWER Coccyx
What are the stages of a seizure? - ANSWER Aura, Loss of Consciousness, Tonic Phase, Hypertonic Phase, Clonic Phase, And Postictal state.
What is the difference between the tonic and clonic phase? - ANSWER Tonic is muscle rigidity but especially arching in the back is shown. Clonic phase is the convulsion phase.
What are the contraindications of oral glucose? - ANSWER If the patient is unresponsive or can't swallow, or if the blood sugar is confirmed over 60; however, if unsure if under 60, administer it.
What is the normal fasting blood sugar level for a non-diabetic patient? - ANSWER 80-90 mg/dL
What is the normal fasting blood sugar level for a diabetic patient? - ANSWER May be as high as 120 mg/dL.
What type of emergencies are common with agricultural emergencies? - ANSWER Amputations.
What are the signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax? - ANSWER Chest pain that worsens with deep inspirations, dyspnea, tachypnea, and decreased or absent breath sounds in the affected side.
What type of assessment do you perform with a pneumothorax? - ANSWER high priority patients, so rapid assessment.
What are is the protocol treatment for radiating chest pain. - ANSWER PENMAN, SATCI, AVPU, ABCT, OPQRST, SAMPLE, REVITE, IVA.
What is the first thing you do with an OD patient with snoring respirations? - ANSWER Suction the airway.
What is the highest priority when working on a crime scene? - ANSWER Your safety, your partner's safety, patient safety, then be careful to uphold the crime scene.
What do you do when a patient has agonal respirations? - ANSWER PPV
How do you get a patient who is upstairs with CP to the ambulance. - ANSWER Carry them out, or use a stair chair if possible.
There is a MVC, the car is stabilized, primary assessment has been completed, and the vehicle is being cut, what is next? - ANSWER cover the patient up with a blanket, inform them of what is going on, and try to give them some control over what is going on.
What is a stylet? - ANSWER A pliable piece of metal wire, usually coated with plastic that is inserted in the tracheal tube.
What do you lubricate a stylet in? - ANSWER water-soluble jelly for easy removal.
The stylet should never go past... - ANSWER The distal end of the tracheal tube.
Once the stylet is in place it should be shaped like a... - ANSWER hockey stick
What is the purpose of a stylet? - ANSWER To aid in the proper insertion of a tracheal tube.
A patient who has a history of angina gave you his meeds, what do you do? - ANSWER Call medical direction, then administer if appropriate.
What are the early signs of an allergic reaction? - ANSWER itching in hands and feet, flushed skins, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, tachycardia.
What are the early signs of an allergic reaction? - ANSWER Loss of consciousness, cyanosis, occluded airway, absent radial pulse, seizures.
What does RPM stand for in triage? - ANSWER Respirations, perfusion, mental status.
If a patient has no respirations, then what? - ANSWER open airway, if no air then deceased.
What is considered immediate threat respiration ratio? - ANSWER over 30/min.
What is considered immediate perfusion criteria? - ANSWER absent radial pulse, or cap refill over 2 seconds.
What is considered immediate mental status criteria? - ANSWER If they cannot follow simple commands.
What is considered delayed mental status criteria? - ANSWER if they can follow simple commands?
What is considered minor criteria using RPM? - ANSWER if they can walk.
What does START stand for? - ANSWER Simple triage and rapid transport.
What do you do after you apply AED to a cardiac arrest pt? - ANSWER stop CPR to let AED analyze.
What is involved in minimum data set? - ANSWER -CC
-AVPU
-SKINS
-Cap Refill
-Pulse
-Respiratory rate and effort
-pt demographics (age, race, weight, and sex)
36 y/o OD pt, how do you treat? - ANSWER PENMAN, SATCI, AVPU, ABCT, any serious injuries, Vitals, SAMPLE, Physical.
A patient fell down of a table on chest, what life threading chest problem do you treat for? - ANSWER ...
A pt was stung by a bee, but epi-pen is expired, then what? - ANSWER transport the patient, you can't give expired meeds to a patient.
How do you move a pt with severe hypothermia? - ANSWER Remove any wet clothing, dry pt, use blankets to insulate the pt. Handle gently, never let the pt walk, keep pt supine, if pt has SOB elevate head. give O2. Only rewarm core of pt.
Why do you handle a hypothermic pt gently? - ANSWER Because you can cause cardiac dysrhythmia, or V-fib.
What is beta-radiation? - ANSWER Low speed, low-energy particle, that is easily stopped by 6-10 feet of air, clothing, or first few millimeters of skin.
What does beta radiation threaten? - ANSWER ingestion of contaminated foods, and inhalation of particles, internal danger.
How do you treat pt with beta radiation? - ANSWER Same as any other pt beginning with PPE.
How do you determine BP for pediatrics? - ANSWER For the upper limit take 90 + (2 X age), median is 8- + (2 X age), lower limit is 70 + (2 X age), for diastolic is usually 2/3 the systolic.
You see a pt with dark blood on shirt what's first? - ANSWER PENMAN, SATCI, AVPU, ABCT.
What is a vesicant? - ANSWER A chemical agent that causes harm to exposed skin, lungs, and eyes. The harm includes, blistering, burning, and tissue damage.
How do you treat a pt with a vesicant injury? - ANSWER immediate irrigation with water, or chemical decontamination kit. Manage blisters, apply dry, sterile dressings after being adequately flushed.
How to treat a pt with vesicant in eye? - ANSWER irrigate eye, and apply eye patch.
What are the signs and symptoms of Cardiac arrest? - ANSWER no breathing, no pulse, and unresponsive to painful and verbal stimuli.
Somebody with a low platelet count is at risk for what? - ANSWER internal bleeding
A 15 y/o patient is struck in the head with a baseball bat, what is your primary concern? - ANSWER concussion.
What sounds are associated with upper airway problems? - ANSWER Snoring, gurgling, Stridor, or crowing.
What is the vaccine for epiglottitis? - ANSWER Hib vaccination (also known as hep-B vacc)
What is a POLST? - ANSWER Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment
What does a POLST do? - ANSWER Identifies the desired level of life-sustaing treatment in pt with a terminal or life-threatening illness who are not likely to survive.
A 57 y/o male fell off a roof, what is the priority? - ANSWER C-spine.
A pt has gurgling respirations? - ANSWER Suction the airway.
A patient dove into a shallow lake, what do you assess for? - ANSWER Compression spinal injury.
A patient dove into a shallow lake, the medic tells you to apply painful stimuli, what are you assessing for? - ANSWER Possible spinal cord injury will present with a loss of motor and sensory function.
A pt has snoring respirations with in-line already in place, then what? - ANSWER suction
The scene size up includes... - ANSWER PENMAN
What scale do you use to rate a new born baby? - ANSWER APGAR
What does APGAR stand for? - ANSWER Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respirations.
What are the normal vitals for a neonate? - ANSWER 30-40 respirations, 100-160 HR, 70-90 systolic, and 98-100 temp. Pink skins, facial grimace upon stimuli, moving around, strong cry.
What is aerobic metabolism? - ANSWER Breakdown of molecules such as glucose through a series of reactions that produce energy within the cells in the presence of oxygen.
After ATP is done in aerobic metabolism, what happens? - ANSWER Heat, carbon dioxide, and water is produced. The core temp of your body increases, the body produces extra CO2 which the body blows off. Water is used by the body of excreted.
What does the secondary exam do? - ANSWER It is a head-to-toe physical exam.
What kind of pt will have a narrow pulse press? - ANSWER Pt with fluid loss or blood loss.
How does the body compensate for the narrowing pulse pressure? - ANSWER Increases in systemic vascular resistance to compensate for decrease in systolic blood pressure.
NRB delivers how much O2? - ANSWER NRB is connected to 100% O2, but 90% is actually getting to pt because of ambient air.
FROPVD gives what percentage of O2 concentration? - ANSWER 100
A pt has a suspected stroke what should you ask? - ANSWER When did symptoms begin, any history of head trauma, previous stroke, seizures, S&S, and ect...
An obese pt complains of weakness, how do you position pt? - ANSWER in POC
What is the common cause of cardiac arrest is pediatrics? - ANSWER Respiratory difficulties.
A pt was ejected from a vehicle, and is unable to breathe, what is next? - ANSWER PENMAN, SATCI, AVPU, open airway
A pt was involved in MVC, what is the first thing needed? - ANSWER Scene safety
What are the procedures for refusal of care with a competent pt? - ANSWER The pt must understand treatment, and possible risk fully, do this by having the pt explain to you the consequences. If he can't understand the consequences, then he is incompetent.
What do you need to document with refusal of care? - ANSWER You must document what you told the pt, and the consequences, and the pt response. Be sure to get one witness.
What is sovereign immunity? - ANSWER It prevents persons treated by governmentally operated EMS systems from suing the government for civil liability. Private EMS companies are not covered under this law.
What is another name for sovereign immunity? - ANSWER Governmental immunity.
A high velocity wound takes place, what is the greatest risks of death? - ANSWER fragmentation
A 77 y/o pt has crackles, how do you care for him, are you going to lay him down...? - ANSWER ...
What do you do when you suspect abuse? - ANSWER Treat the injuries on pt
What is pelvic inflammatory disease? - ANSWER Infection in the female reproductive tract, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses.
How can pelvic inflammatory disease occur? - ANSWER During sex, gynecologic procedures, insertion of an intrauterine device, childbirth, or abortion.
What can happen with PID? - ANSWER scarring, infertility, or sepsis.
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