GCE Psychology H567/01: Research methods Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020

GCE Psychology H567/01: Research methods Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations GCE Psychology H567/01: Research methods Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020Oxf ...

GCE Psychology H567/01: Research methods Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations GCE Psychology H567/01: Research methods Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the report on the examination. © OCR 2020H567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 Annotations Annotation Meaning Unclear Attempts evaluation Benefit of doubt Context Cross Evaluation Extendable horizontal line Extendable horizontal wavy line Significant amount of material that doesn’t answer the question Not answered question Good use of resources Tick Development of point Omission markH567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 Section A: Multiple Choice Quest Answer 1 B positive 2 C type 1 error 3 B median 4 A Chi-square 5 C Mann-Whitney U Test 6 C p<0.05 7 B level of data 8 C time sampling 9 A dispersion around the mean 10 B laboratory experiment using a mixture of repeated measures and independent measures design 11 C nominal 12 D 0.05 13 B 4 14 D positively skewed 15 C data is normally distributed in the population 16 C 0.0061 17 D surname 18 D raw 19 D structured pairs 20 B medianH567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 Question Answer Mark Guidance 21 For example: Less food (number of items eaten) will be consumed from the red plate compared to the white plate. OR More food (number of items eaten) will be eaten from the white plate compared to the red plate. 3 mark answer: Correctly cited one-tailed alternative hypothesis with both variables operationalised 2 mark answer: Correctly cited one-tailed alternative hypothesis with reference to both variables, but only one operationalised 1 mark answer: Correctly cited one-tailed alternative hypothesis with reference to both variables, but neither operationalised 0 marks: No credit worthy information 3 Context = food, meal(s), eating, plate(s), crockery etc Can be written in future or present tense. Use of the word ‘significant’ is not necessary for full marks. For full marks both the variables must be operationalised. Award zero if a two-tailed hypothesis, null hypothesis, or reference to relationship Allow opposite one-tailed DV could be food, items of food, mass of food It needs to be clear that it is about food consumption and not being served Colours do not need to be red and white. Can be any coloursH567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 22 15 Context – food, meal(s), eating, plate(s), crockery etc Level of Response Details of required features (RFs) included Justification of decisions made Additional guidance Good 12-15 marks - All 4 required features addressed - Accurate and detailed knowledge and understanding of each feature in context - Good evidence of application of required features in context -Appropriatejustificationof all decisions and some is contextualised - Well developedline of reasoning that is clear and logicallystructured Explicit reference to own practical work and clear links between own work and the planned research required feature e.g. specific mention of aim or procedural features from own research If there is no explicit link between own practical work and any of the four required features – max 11 marks RF1- Basic – Just identifying the sampling technique, Limited – sampling method identified and defined, Reasonable – Identified the sampling method, possibly defined and attempted to explain how this has been carried out in their study. Good – Identified the sampling method and clearly explained how this has been carried out in their study RF 2- Allow reference to design IMD/RMD as part of operationalising the IV RF 3- needs to lead to data to be at least ordinal data to be addressed. Semantic differential scales can be creditworthy and are considered reasonable (good if the numerical scale is given or an explanation of how the data will be made ordinal) weight is not context for this RF. RF 4-Integrity, Respect, Responsibility, Competence. Also allow social sensitivity. Basic – just identifies the ethical consideration, Limited - Limited explanation of the ethical consideration, Reasonable – identifying the ethical consideration/how it can be addressed, Good – Explaining the ethical consideration and clarity on how it can be addressed. Reasonable 8-11 marks - At least 3 required features addressed in context - Reasonably accurate and detailed knowledge and understanding of each feature - Some appropriate justification of decisions related to required features (if no justification in context – max 8 marks) - There was some line of reasoning evident with some structure It two required features are addressed in detail and justified in context and explicit links made to own practical work – award 8 marks Limited 4–7 marks -At least 2 of the required features addressed in context - Limited application of required features - OR 3 or 4 required features referred to but in a limited way - Attempt to justify decision(s) but weak - Evidence of some structure, but weak If one required feature is addressed in detail and justified in context and explicit links made to own practical work – max 4 marks Basic 1-3 marks - At least 1 of the required features addressed - Weak application of required features - OR more than one of the required features referred to but in a very brief and/or basic way - None, or if present very weakH567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 Question Answer Mark Guidance 23 (a) Likely answers: individual differences (participant variables) controlled for, fewer participants required 3 mark answer: Clear outline of strength in context 2 mark answer: Clear outline of strength but not in context OR Attempted outline of strength in context 1 mark answer: Brief and/or weak attempt to outline strength (whether in context or not) 0 marks: No credit worthy information 3 Context = food, meal(s), eating, plate(s), crockery etc (b) Likely answers: order (or carry-over) effects a problem, increased risk of demand characteristics, fatigue 3 mark answer: Clear description of weakness in context 2 mark answer: Clear description of weakness but not in context OR Attempted outline of weakness in context 1 mark answer: Brief and/or weak attempt to describe weakness (whether in context or not) 0 marks: No credit worthy information 3 Context = food, meal(s), eating, plate(s), crockery etcH567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 24 (a) Example response: Why did you eat the food during the study? Describe to me why you think the colour of the plate might have influenced how much food you ate. 2 mark answer: Clear outline in context 1 mark answer: Clear outline but not in context OR Attempt in context 0 marks: No credit worthy information 2 -Context = food, meal(s), eating, plate(s), crockery etc No marks awarded to closed questions. Can be awarded mark for both a question or a statement Do not necessarily have to ask a specific question for full marks (b) Likely answers: provides rich and detailed responses, allows participants to explain their behaviour in the experiment, doesn’t allows differences between participants to be ranked, is subjective, does not enables use of descriptive statistics (e.g. mean), some motivated participants may write more detailed responses compared to other participants, less reliable etc 3 mark answer: Clear evaluation in context 2 mark answer: Clear evaluation but not in context OR Attempt in context 1 mark answer: Brief and/or weak attempt (whether in context or not) 0 marks: No credit worthy information 3 -Context = food, meal(s), eating, plate(s), crockery etc Accept positive and/or negative evaluation points as creditworthy Can get full credit for one point although this will need to be a detailed point in context.H567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 25 External validity can refer to aspects of ecological validity and or population validity. 5-6 mark answer: Clear evaluation with two or more points with some context (for 6 marks two of the points must be in context) 3-4 mark answer: Clear evaluation with two or more points but not in context OR One clear evaluation point in context OR Two points, with one in context 1-2 mark answer: Attempted evaluation (whether in context or not) 6 Context = food, meal(s), eating, plate(s), crockery etc Accept positive and/or negative evaluation points as creditworthy Do not accept evaluation points related to the methodology used in general Ignore reference to usefulnessH567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 Section C: Data analysis and interpretation 26 (a) Ranking data refers to assigning numbers to denote position in an ordered sequence (lowest to highest or vice versa) 2 mark answer: An explanation in context 1 mark answer: An attempted explanation whether in context or not 0 marks: No credit worthy information 2 Context = personality, introvert, extrovert, money, salary etc (b) They both have the same extroversion rating (65), which in an ordered sequence of all the extroversion ratings occupy rank positions 6 and 7, so ranks 6 and 7 have been shared (added together and divided by two), resulting in a rank of 6.5 for both. 2 mark answer: Clear explanation 1 mark answer: Attempted explanation 0 marks: No credit worthy information 2 Could refer to having a tied rank.H567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 27 (a) 1 mark for accurate plotting of data 1 mark for title with reference to both co-variables and relationship/correlation 1 mark for clear labelling of both axes 1 mark for scales on both axes 4 - If points joined up no mark for ’accurate plotting of data’H567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 Question Answer Mark Guidance 27 (b) Any 2 of the following: - There is a positive correlation between annual salary and extroversion/extroversion self-rating. (2 marks) There is a correlation between annual salary and extroversion. (1 mark) - Extroversion does not necessarily cause a high salary as correlations do not show cause and effect (2 marks) - There is an anomaly with one participant has a high extroversion score but a low annual salary.(2 marks) 2 mark answer: Clear conclusion in context 1 mark answer: Clear conclusion but not in context OR Attempted conclusion in context 0 marks: No credit worthy information 4 -Context = personality, introvert, extrovert, money, salary etcH567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 Question Answer Mark Guidance 28 775/12= Mean 64.583333 Two SFs = 65 3 mark answer: Mean correctly stated to two significant figures with all workings shown 2 mark answer: Mean correctly stated to two significant figures but with no workings shown OR Workings shown but mean not written to two significant figures 1 mark answer: Mean only stated but not to two significant figures 0 marks: No credit worthy information 3 29 Mean is a more sensitive measure of central tendency to use as there are no outliers in the results for extroversion self-ratings. The mean takes into account all of the data and is more mathematically accurate than the median which does not take into account all of the scores. 2 mark answer: Clear explanation in context 1 mark answer: Attempted explanation whether in context or not 0 marks: No credit worthy information 2 Context = personality, introvert, extrovert, money, salary etcH567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 30 (a) Rs = +0.517 1 mark for calculation of differences between ranks in each condition 1 mark for calculation of sum of differences squared (Σd2) = 138 1 mark for correct application / use of formula provided/substituting at least one number correctly 1 mark for all workings at each stage shown 1 mark for correct final overall answer (rs = +0.517) 5 Won’t necessarily show all these steps (b) Table critical value = 0.587 2 mark answer: Critical value correctly stated 1 mark answer: Correct sample size (12) used or 0.05 column, but wrong critical value quoted 0 marks: No credit worthy information 2H567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 30 (c) As the Rs value (+0.517) is smaller than the critical value (0.587) with 12 participants and p˂0.05, the null hypothesis is supported that there is no relationship between extroversion self-rating and salary earned). 2 mark answer: Correctly written significance statement with reference to calculated value, critical value, sample size and probability level 1 mark answer: Weak and/or brief written response e.g. the results are not significant or there is no relationship between extroversion and salary 0 marks: No credit worthy information 2 Allow this written in numerical form As 0.517<0.587 for n=12, p>0.05 31 Likely answers: don’t know reasons why personality may / may not be related to salary earned; doesn’t differentiate between different types of extroversion; 3 mark answer: Clear outline of weakness in context 2 mark answer: Clear outline of weakness but not in context OR attempted outline in context 1 mark answer: Brief and/or weak attempt (whether in context or not) 0 marks: No credit worthy information 3 Context = personality, introvert, extrovert, money, salary etc Do not credit weaknesses of correlationsH567/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 32 Likely answers: demand characteristics affecting accuracy of extroversion selfrating; honesty regarding salary details; problems interpreting extroversion rating scale etc 3 marks for each thing 3 mark answer: Clear outline in context 2 mark answer: Clear outline but not in context OR attempted outline in context 1 mark answer: Brief and/or weak attempt (whether in context or not) 0 marks: No credit worthy information 6 Context = personality, introvert, extrovert, money, salary etc Can be strengths or weakness. Could outline two things that have a positive effect on the validity. Two things that have a negative affect on validity. One thing that is positive and one that is negative Could also outline a thing that might have affected the validity and the response explains that it is unclear whether this affect would have been positive or negative. All types of validity creditworthy including, for example, population validity and temporal validityOCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations) The Triangle Building Shaftesbury Road Cambridge CB2 8EA