NURSING > QUESTIONS & ANSWERS > MCIM 223 Final QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2022/2023 (All)

MCIM 223 Final QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2022/2023

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MCIM 223 FinalWhat are the functions of the human immune system? (3) 1)Non specific barrier that prevents foreign material from entering 2)Distinguish between what is foreign/what isn't 3)Creates memory of previous foreign material What is the solution to dealing with the diversity of microbial pathogens? Using multiple mechanisms that are cooperative & redundant What are the 2 basic mechanisms of defense against foreign microbes? (2) 1)Innate Immunity 2)Acquired (or adaptive) Immunity What is Innate Immunity? Non specific defense systems, respond same way, no memory of previous exposure What is Acquired Immunity? Specific defense systems, respond differently, have a memory of previous exposure What are the 2 types of Innate Immunity? 1)External Barrier Defenses 2)Internal Cellular/Biological Defenses What are the 2 types of Acquired Immunity? 1)Antibody-Mediated (Humoral) 2)Cell-Mediated What are the 4 types of External Barriers in Innate Immunity? 1)Structural = skin, mucus membrane 2)Mechanical = flushing (urine/tears) 3)Microbial = normal flora out compete pathogenic microbes 4)Biochemical = chemicals made by body (lysozyme) What are the 4 types of Internal Cellular/Biological defenses? 1)Phagocytosis 2)Inflammation 3)Complement 4)Fever Phagocytes are mainly certain types of ____ blood cells. White What is phagocytosis? Cells can digest/remove dead tissues & foreign material that has penetrated an external surface entry barrier Bacterial infections often give a rise in ____, ____, and _____. 1)Total WBC 2)Neutrophils 3)Bands Some viral infections give a decrease in ___ and an increase in _____. 1)Total WBC 2)Lymphocytes How does a phagocyte know to go after a foreign microbe & not one of your own cells? Pattern recognition receptors (located on surface of phagocytes) How are bacteria killed when ingested by a phagocyte? Toxic contents of lysosome (lysozyme & other enzymes) What happens to the stuff phagocytes spit out? Absorbed & further degraded How can bacteria defend themselves against phagocytosis? (3) 1)Produce capsular polysaccharide 2)Secrete "toxins" that target/destroy phagocytes 3)Survive after being ingested What is an inflammatory response? Rapid biological response to tissue damage as a result of cuts & scrapes, burns & bites. What are the 4 classic features of inflammation? 1)Tissue redness 2)Tissue swelling 3)Heat 4)Pain What is the purpose of inflammation? Attract phagocytes & other immune cells to the site of injury Inflammation indicates that the body is responding _______ to the damaged tissue. Appropriately What are some important chemicals involved in inflammation? (3) 1)Histamine 2)Prostaglandins 3)Complement Proteins How is Histamine involved with Inflammation? 1)Vasodilation 2)Increased permeability 3)Stimulates nerve endings How are Prostaglandins involved in Inflammation? 1)Vasodilation, fever, increase sensitivity to pain 2)Attract phagocytic cells How are "Complement" proteins involved in Inflammation? 1)Stimulate Histamine release 2)Enhance action of phagocytic cells What is "acute" inflammation? Immediate response to tissue injury

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