WGU c787 Nutrition cohort review questions with correct Answers

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1. When nutrition advocates became concerned that recommendations did not do enough to address prevention of chronic diet related diseases, what policy change were made? - ANSWER RDA's (Recommended Da... ily Allowances) expanded into several DRI (Daily Reference Intakes) 2. What is true of dietary reference intake? choose two. - ANSWER a. They are used to establish taxation rates and food costs **b. Food labeling must include information about them. **c. They differ depending on age and gender d. They are dependent on foodborne illness risks 3. What is always found on a nutrition label in the US? - ANSWER Serving size 4. A healthful diet contains nutrient intake near what amount? - ANSWER Recommended daily allowance 5. What is an appropriate use of AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Dietary Range) when evaluating the appropriateness of a snack food? - ANSWER 50% calories from fat is too much. (There is an AMDR for fats, carbs, and proteins only. It is a range of percentages of calories that you should get from that nutrient per day. i.e. 45-65% of calories from carbs per day. 50% of calories from fat is too much. ) 6. What is meant by Tolerable Upper Intake Level? - ANSWER The highest level of daily consumption that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans; ensures people do not take harmful amounts. (More for supplements; No side effects in humans) 7. How is estimated average requirement commonly used? - ANSWER To guide recommendations and menu planning for communities in combinations with upper intake levels. 8. What is true of choose my plate .gov recommendations as presented by their setting place graphic? - ANSWER Half of the plate should be fruits and vegetables. 9. What is the nutritional benefit of fruits and vegetables? - ANSWER They provide nutrients that reduce the risk some type of cancer. (They are high in fiber/bulk, vitamins and minerals, low in calories.) 10. What is false regarding fruits and vegetables in the diet? - ANSWER Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin B12 (Watch for the negative/false/incorrect questions!!) 11. What strategy might be avoided due to expense for patients looking to eat more healthfully on a budget? - ANSWER Buying frozen meals 12. Which statement is true about planning a balanced meal? - ANSWER Skim milk has roughly the same amount of calcium and protein as whole milk. (Always stick with reduced or no fat) 13. What is true about dietary recommendation for whole grain intake? - ANSWER Half of all grains consumed should be whole grain products. 14. Fritz is hosting a brunch and prepares for each of his friends Omelet with cheese Toasted English muffin 1t all fruit preserves ½ large grapefruit 1c whole milk How can his menu be improved to follow the dietary guidelines for Americans? Choose all that apply - ANSWER Use egg whites for the omelets Replace cheese with vegetables in the omelets Replace English muffin with whole wheat English muffin Replace whole milk with fat free milk (Adding juice will never be an answer because it is sugar water.) 15. What is true of recommendations concerning trans fat and added sugar intake? - ANSWER Trans fat and added sugar intake should be minimized. There is no DRI value. 16. What is recommended daily amount of protein intake? - ANSWER 60g/ day. 17. Which list contains all examples of protein? - ANSWER Garbanzo beans (Chickpeas), egg, chicken breast, yogurt, cheese, ground beef, peanut butter, tofu 18. What is the best choice for a combination of plant-based foods to maximize healthy diet in a vegetarian diet? - ANSWER Legume+ whole grain 19. There is a current initiative for more transparent labeling of sugars on nutrition fact labels. In the coming years, which of these might be more obviously labeled sugars? Choose all that apply. Anything ending in-ose, honey - ANSWER Anything ending in-ose, honey (Most things ending in ose are sugars like glucose, fructose, etc. Not -ase which are enzymes) 20. Which carbohydrate will cause a quick return to hunger? - ANSWER One with a higher glycemic index (Measures how the body responds to a sugar, low index would mean it raises BG slower.) 21. Which is the reason that seafood can be considered a healthful diet? - ANSWER Some seafood is high in healthy omega 3 oils 22. What are generally considered sources of healthy fat? - ANSWER Fish, nuts, olive oil 23. What is not a common source of high levels of sodium? - ANSWER Spices and herbs (Manufactured breads, processed food and canned soup/broth tend to have lots of sodium) 24. Which foods are relatively rich in iron? Choose all that apply - ANSWER Dark leafy greens, legumes, red meat, nuts (Root vegetables, eggs and dairy are not.) 25. What is the best vegetarian source of iron from the options provided? - ANSWER Beans 26. Which of these are protective against heart disease? - ANSWER Fiber, HDL cholesterol (Not protein, LDL, trans fat, or saturated fat. Protein is neutral, but doesn't increase risk.) 27. Which are linked to increase heart disease risk? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER LDL, trans fat, saturated fats 28. Reducing heart disease/ stroke - ANSWER LDL levels below 120mg/dl Limit cholesterol intake to less than 30mg per day Saturated fats-less than 7% of total daily calories At least 30 minutes of activity in daily routine Sodium levels-below 1600mg per day Increase intake of fiber, especially insoluble fiber, although most will be soluble. Limit alcohol to 1-2 drinks per day. 29. What is an appropriate dietary intervention to address a patient's low albumin level? - ANSWER High protein diet. 30. Select foods that would be inappropriate for a patient with kidney disease? - ANSWER Fried eggs, hot dogs, steak (Watch proteins because they are broken down to ketones which are difficult for the kidneys) 31. What is the dash diet designed to address? - ANSWER Hypertension (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) 32. Which factors are important in controlling hypertension? Select all that apply - ANSWER Sodium below 1600mg daily Daily exercise such as a half hour walk Maintaining a healthy weight-BMI below 25 33. Because obesity affects many organ systems and hormones impairing body functions, which is true/ - ANSWER It is now considered a disease by AMA 34. What BMI is considered obese, requiring counseling about a weight loss dietary plan? - ANSWER BMI> 30 (BMI>25 is overweight, >40 is morbidly obese) 35. What is the BMI calculation for a patient that measures 5'4" in height and 175lbs in weight? - ANSWER 30 (BMI is square the height in inches (64*64=4096) then divide the weight in lbs by that number (175/4096= 0.043) then multiply by 703 to change to metric units (0.043*703=30).) 36. What describes a diet least likely to result in obesity? - ANSWER A diet with a variety of fruits, whole grains and vegetables. 37. Identify which heart disease risk factors are modifiable? - ANSWER Sedentary lifestyle BMI 32kg/m2 Diet high in trans fat 38. Which statement is true? - ANSWER Obese children and teenagers are at increased risk of coronary heart disease 39. You are working in a family medicine clinic with a 22 yr old patient. You note a BMI of 17. What counseling might you give this patient? - ANSWER "At this BMI you are at an increased risk of infertility, osteoporosis and premature death. Let's find solutions." 40. What health risks clearly increase along with BMI? Select all that apply. - ANSWER Heart Disease Type 2 diabetes, Premature death Osteoarthritis Sleep apnea 41. What is true regarding genetic influence on body weight? - ANSWER Body weights of parents are often predictive of children even when they do not raise him. 42. To maintain weight in the long term, patients should: - ANSWER Balance energy expenditure with energy intake; eat just enough calories for activity level. 43. You can only draft five pieces of advice for weight loss. Which do you choose? - ANSWER Reduce processed foods Increase activity When you want food, ask yourself, "am I hungry?" Eat 5 small meals to maintain energy throughout the day, Limit sugary drinks. (Pick the top 5, more may be good, but pick the Best) 44. Which person is most likely to lose weight and keep it off? - ANSWER One who sticks to their diet long term. 45. Which is true about weight loss? - ANSWER 10% reduction in total weight has consistently been shown to improve health and decrease risk. 46. Which is likely not an appropriate, sustainable weight goal? - ANSWER To lose 20 pounds in a month and be envied by friends 47. What is true of water intake and weight loss? - ANSWER There is evidence to support that drinking 48oz of water or more supports weight loss. 48. Which foods are likely appropriate for consistent inclusion on a weight reduction dietary plan? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER Baked fish Seasoned green vegetables Skinless chicken breast 49. Which are thought to societal factors in the obesity epidemic? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER More desk based, low activity jobs. Increasing size of food portions at restaurants and at home. Increased consumption of processed foods. 50. Obesity messages to adolescents: - ANSWER Focus on a healthy diet, not weight loss diets. Reinforce healthy behavior Don't reward with food Watch consumption of media messages determine content, credibility, etc. 51. What is inappropriate advice to a family of a 14-year-old with anorexia? - ANSWER Serve separate meals to different family members. (Everyone should eat a well-balanced meal together) 52. What is true of physical activity, in conjunction with diet, to support weight loss? - ANSWER Patients should strive for 90 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 3 times a week. 53. What is a legal supplement body builder take in an effort to increase muscle mass and increase nitrogen retention? (an Ergogenic aid) - ANSWER Protein powder 54. What does the term anthropometrics refer to? - ANSWER Weight management assessment tools including weight, height, and waist size (Anthro=human, metrics=measurements) 55. How do you calculate physical activity level (PAL)? - ANSWER Total Energy Expenditure/Body Mass Rate (Basal Metabolic Rate = Basal Energy Expenditure) 56. You are in the family medicine clinic and are working with a patient with a BMI of 52 and a sedentary lifestyle. He is wondering about bariatric surgery. Which pieces of advice are appropriate? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER "Increase your physical activity now, but do it gradually, to reduce strain on your heart and increase your likelihood of keeping with it." "Even after surgery, you will need to continue to exercise." "After surgery, you may lose weight rapidly." "You will need to take specific vitamin supplements after surgery." 57. What is true nutrition for infants? - ANSWER Human milk contains immune factors that infant formula does not. 58. Why is juice not recommended for infants? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER Contributes to dental decay Lacks fiber and may contribute to diarrhea It is a high calorie source of fluid 59. Which behavior may contribute to dental carries (cavities) in infancy? - ANSWER Sharing utensils 60. What parent behavior may put a child in a risk of developing poor relationship with food? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER Never involve children in meal planning Avoiding offering children choices 61. How does the CDC define overweight in children? - ANSWER BMI for the age over 85th percentile. 62. When teaching kindergarteners (5-6yrs old) about Choose My Plate, what would an appropriate educational strategy be? - ANSWER Teach them a rhyme with the concepts Teach them a rhyme with the concepts - ANSWER Have them write out a description of a healthy menu with different food groups 64. You are working in a pediatrics practice and have an appointment with an obese 9-year-old boy and his parents. What are some pieces of advice you might give the family? - ANSWER High levels of stress can cause poor eating habits Limit portion sizes and avoid frequent restaurant meals Encourage the child to help choose and prepare meals Encourage physical active play and not just desk-based study Provide and model choices of healthy plant-based snacks and colorful fruits and vegetables at meals 65. What are some strategies to avoid when teaching high school students about nutrition? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER Focus on how good nutrition will make them pretty Explain ways to skip or replace meals. 66. A healthy 17-year-old girl is reading a nutrition label and sees that a product contains 13%DV of calcium per serving. How many servings of this product would this girl need to have that day to get the recommended amount of calcium from that product alone? - ANSWER 10 (Recommended DV of 130% for adolescents instead of 100% like adults.) 67. A nurse is evaluating a 16-year-old boy with short stature (stunted linear growth), poor bone development, and cognitive development delays. What might be a dietary cause of this boy's condition? - ANSWER Malnutrition. 68. What nutrient do young adolescent have an increased need for relative to adults? - ANSWER Thiamine 69. What is appropriate advice to give a newly pregnant mother? - ANSWER Alcohol should be avoided during all trimesters of pregnancy 70. What is a possible effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the fetus? - ANSWER Permanent developmental disability 71. What nutrient reduces the risk of neural tube defects? - ANSWER Folate/Folic acid 72. What are some good dietary sources of folate? - ANSWER Lentils, spinach, oats 73. How can a pregnant mother minimize the risk of preterm delivery? Select all that apply. - ANSWER Abstain from tobacco and drugs prior to conception and through pregnancy Discontinue use of alcohol Maintain a healthy weight Maintain healthy diet to prevent gestational diabetes 74. What is false about breastfeeding? - ANSWER It is a reliable form of birth control 75. Why are adults over 70 years of age more vulnerable to inadequacy of one or more dietary nutrients? - ANSWER Different GI physiology interferes with absorption 76. What are some potential benefits of prebiotics and probiotics for an older adult? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER Decreased total cholesterol Control of IBS - yogurt/cultured products Support immune system function Rebuild bone density 77. How might you advise a patient about adapting to older adulthood? - ANSWER "To avoid obesity, remain active, and realize your overall caloric needs may decrease." 78. A patient is considering adding a dietary supplement and wants to know more. What should they do first? - ANSWER Discuss it with their healthcare provider 79. To which patient represented by a quote in a meeting with the nurse, should the nurse recommend a dietary supplement? - ANSWER "The doctor said my labs showed that I have iron-deficiency anemia. 80. The phrase "Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease": - ANSWER Is required to appear on the label of all supplements. 81. Which vitamins can be flushed out in the urine stream if they are in moderate excess? Select all that apply. - ANSWER B vitamins Vitamin C (Water soluble vs fat soluble (K, A, D, E) 82. Match the supplement with what it aims to improve. - ANSWER Ergogenic aid- athletic performance Nootropic- cognition Probiotic- digestive system Galactagogue- breastmilk production. 83. Supplements may or may not contain an active ingredient. What else may they contain? - ANSWER Extra ingredients that are unlisted and are similar to fillers in Rx drugs 84. How should you counsel a patient about providing information about the supplements they take to the healthcare team? - ANSWER "Supplements can interact with medicine and make the medicine's effect too strong. This can cause a life-threatening event." 85. Match the nutrient to its deficiency: - ANSWER Thiamine- beriberi Iodine- brain damage, intellectual impairment, goiter Vitamin A- blindness Vitamin D- rickets 86. Why do many women take calcium supplements? - ANSWER To reduce the risk of osteoporosis 87. Vitamin k: - ANSWER Should be avoided while on warfarin (Coumadin) 88. What is unavailable in plant foods, and therefore may need to be consumed as a supplement to a vegetarian diet? - ANSWER Vitamin B12. 89. What nutrients are available in plant foods but may require special consideration in a vegetarian diet? Select all that apply. - ANSWER Iron Vitamin D Protein (can be very difficult on a vegetarian diet) Calcium (must be a bioavailable form) 90. A limited ability to acquire nutritionally adequate foods in socially acceptable ways is called? - ANSWER Food insecurity 91. What is true of food waste and overpopulation? - ANSWER They are contributing factors to global hunger 92. What are natural causes of famine? - ANSWER Pests, draught, and flood 93. What does the Economic Research Service do? - ANSWER Assists in providing research and analysis on food security issues in developing countries. 94. Food deserts are often characterized by their lack of: - ANSWER Availability and accessibility of healthful foods (Food deserts are places w/ many people who are food insecure because of accessibility) 95. What are characteristics of food deserts? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER Fast foods are more affordable in the area Markets in the area do not have fresh produce 96. What are some public health strategies to reduce food deserts? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER Implement urban farmer's market Supporting public policy to reduce costs of fresh foods 97. Financial limitations to adequate nutrition are a main focus of what diagnostic tool? - ANSWER Food Security Survey Module 98. A situation where a person who consumes many calories, but without adequate nutrients, can be considered? - ANSWER Undernutrition, which also includes the chronically hungry 99. What is the use of the Child Food Security Survey Module? - ANSWER Determine if a child is experiencing hunger at home. 100. What does "Household Food Security Status" refer to? - ANSWER An outcome measure to examine the public's ability to secure adequate food. 101. What is a term that means all people have access, at all times, to sufficient food for an active and a healthy life? - ANSWER Food security 102. What is true of the Food Security Survey Module? - ANSWER It measures sufficiency of food and very low food security requires intervention. 103. Low food security is characterized by? - ANSWER Reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet 104. What was one effect of the National Nutrition Monitoring and [Show More]

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