AP World History Chapter 17 Already Passed

AP World History Chapter 17 Already Passed Jean-Jaques Rousseau ✔✔Minimized the importance of book learning for the education of children and prescribed instead an immersion in nature, which taught self-reliance and g ...

AP World History Chapter 17 Already Passed Jean-Jaques Rousseau ✔✔Minimized the importance of book learning for the education of children and prescribed instead an immersion in nature, which taught self-reliance and generosity rather than the greed and envy fostered by civilization Napoleon ✔✔-Wasn't able to defeat Europe due to it being surrounded by water. He realized that the Europeans were trading with Russia so he tired to attack Russia but Russia has in-hospital conditions (cold) and people there used fire when attacking, they didn't care about the land. Once he was defeated in Russia, his army was severely hurt and he gets brainwashed somehow but the people ask him to come back -Leaves behind the Napoleon code -Puts his brother in Charge -He gets banished again and dies on the island of Elba which marked his end -Hundred days war, Napoleon suffered a decisive defeat at the battle of Waterloo -spread his revolution by military caimpaings Tupac Amaru ✔✔The last indigenous monarch (sapa Inca) of the Inca state in Peru. He was executed by the Spanish. He escapes by land Montesquieu ✔✔Famous for his articulation of separation of powers Simon Boliciar ✔✔One of the most influential politicians in the history of the Americas. -Following the triumph over the Spanish monarchy, he participated in the foundation of the first union of independent nation in Hispanic-Americans, a republic, now known as gran Colombia -hero, visionary, revolutionary, and liberator in Hispanic America Portugal ✔✔Is the place where the king escaped and then went to Brazil Mexican revolution ✔✔Two priests, Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos French ✔✔Started from scratch, country was b ankrupt 7-years war ✔✔-The North versus the south to end slavery and save the union -Also called the French and Indian War --global war -Austrian Habsburgs wanted to win back Silesia --Failed -lasted 23 years -countries wanted land -British wanted to expand to allow more colonists -fighting of sugar colonies John Locke ✔✔Enlightment thinker; believed that the people should choose their goverment Thomas Hobbes ✔✔Thought that the government should be based on the people Voltaire ✔✔Came up with the idea of freedom of speech Federal papers ✔✔written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay Louis XVI ✔✔was known as the "Son King" -wife was Marie antoinette -was desperate to raise taxes against the opposition of privileged taxes -created the estates general constitutional monarchy ✔✔government wrote the constitution Guillotine ✔✔was the instrument used to execute Louis French Revolution ✔✔-French provided assistance to Americas against the British -sought reforms that would modernize the tax system and make it more equitable -driven by sharp conflicts within french society -members of the titled ability resented and resisted the monarchy's efforts to subject themselves to newer taxes. -much more violent than the American revolution -turned to radical measures due to fear of internal resistance and foreign opposition Third estate ✔✔-organized themselves into the National assembly, claiming the sole authority to make laws for the country National assembly ✔✔Drew up the declaration of independence -decreed an end to all legal privileges and ended what remained of feudalism in France Terror (1793- 1794) ✔✔-Under the leadership of Maximilian Robespierre and his Committee of Public Safety -used guillotine to kill many of the revolution's enemies What accompanied ✔✔-create a new society -symbolized by a new calender with the Year I in 1792, marking a fresh start for France What did the French perceive themselves ✔✔-To be starting from scratch and looked to the future What happened next ✔✔France became a republic -passed universal male suffrage -created the world's largest empire --men were required to serve` The influence of the french revolution ✔✔spread through conquest The Haitian revolution ✔✔-Sant Dominique -was the richest colony in the world -had many slaves -petis blancs was a second social group -gens de coulur libres was the third group -the first successful slave revolt in history -symbolic break with Europe and represented an effort to connect with the long-deceased native inhabitants of the land -their economy was destroyed since it relied wholly toward the export of sugar and coffee Conflict ✔✔-The rich people wanted greater autonomy for the colony and fewer economic restrictions on trade -The poor whites wanted equality for all citizens but was ignored Slaves ✔✔-hosted a massive revolt in 1791 which was triggered by rumors that the French king had already declared an end to slavery -they burned plantations and killed whites -French added to the fire Toussaint louverture ✔✔-was leader -overcame internal resistance, outmaneuvered the ignore powers, and defeated an attempt by Napoleon What contributed to their poverty? ✔✔-bitter internal divisions of race and class, and continuing external division Increase of slavery ✔✔-Cuban workers and their slave workers considerably increased their production of sugar -obtained the louisianna purchase from which a number of slaves were carved out Spanish American Revolution ✔✔-took place in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of mainland Latin America -shaped by preceding events in North America, France, and Hati -similar to the french revolution in that the native-born elites in spanish colony, were offended and insulted by the spanish monarchy's efforts during the eighteenth centuries to exercise great power over its colonies and to subject them with heavier taxes and tariffs Why did Spanish American struggles for independence occur decades later than those of British North America ✔✔-The settlers in the spanish colonies had little tradition of self-government -far more authoritative and divided by class -whites were vastly outnumbered by native americans, people of african ancestry, and those of mixed race What caused their revolution ✔✔-In 1808, Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal, desposed the king, and forced t heir army into exile which forced them to take action Why did the process take 2x longer to occur ✔✔-THey were conflicted and divided by class, race, and religion Mexico Movement ✔✔-began in a peasant insurrection, driven by hunger for land and by high food prices --led by two priests, Miguel Hidalgo, and Jose Morelos -was crushed by creoles landonwners and the church independence movement in Latin America ✔✔-took place under the shadow of a great fear which was social rebellion --did not happen in N. America Simon Boliviar and Jose de San Martin ✔✔-regional military leaders -required support of the people nativism ✔✔-cast all of those born in the Americas as Americanos, while the enemy was defined as those born in Spain or Portugal --difficult due to the fact that many mestizos saw themselves as Spanish but was considered Americano Nationalist leaders ✔✔-made efforts to mobilize people of color into the struggle with promises of freedom, the end of legal restrictions, and social advancements -few promises were kept -colonies were impossible to unite Echoes of Revolution ✔✔-small revolutions erupted -expressed ideas of republicanism, greater social equality, and national liberation from foreign rule Abolition of slavery ✔✔violation of the natural rights of every person --expressed by the quakers and then protestant evangelicals -not essential to economic process -thought to be politically unwise -haitian revolution inspired slaves -techniques included pamphlets with heartrending descriptions of slavery, numerous petitions to parliament, law suits, boycotts of slave-produced sugar, and frequent meetings -illegal ships carrying slaves were intercepted -many other countries freed labor due to fear of rebellion, economic inefficiency, and moral concerns -the persistence of slavery was more evident and resistant to abolition in the southern states of the United States Resistance of the abolition of slavery ✔✔-many people resisted sharecropping ✔✔-replaced slavery -indentrued servants became the new source of labor outcome ✔✔harsh segregation, denial of voting rights Atlantic revolution ✔✔-gave rise to nation The American Revolution ✔✔-conservative moment because it originated in an effort to preserve the existing liberties of the colonies rather than to create new ones -did not grow out of social tensions within the colonies, but rather sudden and unexpected effort by the British government to tighten its control over the colonies and to extract more revenue from them -the kind of society that emerged from the American experience was revolutionary Adam Smith ✔✔Observed that British colonies were "republic in their manners" Osei Bonsu ✔✔-Powerful king of the West African state of Asante Serfdom in Russia ✔✔-T transferred to the peasants a considerable portion of the noble's land, but the need to pay for this land with "redemption dues" and rapid growth of Russia's rural population ensured that most peasants remained impoverished and politically volatile.