Acute Care Exam 1 Questions with correct Answers

Core element of an EAP - ANSWER Identify roles and responsibilities of personnel involved Acquire necessary emergency equipment Ensure access to early defibrillation Specify emergency supplies and equipment needed Establ ...

Core element of an EAP - ANSWER Identify roles and responsibilities of personnel involved Acquire necessary emergency equipment Ensure access to early defibrillation Specify emergency supplies and equipment needed Establish communication system to mobilize EMS Determine mode of emergency transportation Providing explicit directions to the venue or activity location Train likely first responders in CPR and AED use Delineate who is responsible for documenting details relating to the emergency Debrief and evaluate the emergency response Post-event or post-catastrophic incident guidelines Practice, review, and rehearse the plan with potential first responders Components of the rapid transport system (5) - ANSWER Unresponsive (no gag or cough reflex) Responsive but not following commands Changes in mental status Shock or uncontrolled bleeding Severe pain in any location or sudden onset of: Severe pain in any location or sudden onset of: - ANSWER Abdominal pain/ pressure Breathing that is abnormal, difficult, or painful Chest pain with systolic BP < 100 m Hg Choking Coughing up or vomiting blood Head injury Ingestion of poisonous or toxic substances Loss of consciousness or fainting (Syncope) Pain that is sudden or severe Shortness of breath Spine injury Vision changes or difficulty Vomiting that is severe or persistent How to identify triage in a mass casualty situation - ANSWER START Simple Triage And Rapid Treatment RED - ANSWER Immediate Priority 1 May Survive w/ immediate medical attention; may not survive if treatment is delayed. Any compromise to respiration, hemorrhage control, or shock control could be fatal. YELLOW - ANSWER Delayed Priority 2 Should survive w/ medical attention. Injuries are potentially life-threatening, but can wait. GREEN - ANSWER Minor Priority 3 Walking wounded. Does NOT require RAPID medical attention but may require stabilization, monitoring, or transport. BLACK - ANSWER Expectant/ Deceased Priority 4 Seriously injured and unlikely to survive. Pain medication should only be provided until death Emergency examination ABCDE - ANSWER Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure Emergency assessment (3) - ANSWER Scene size up Initial assessment Chief complaint or concern focused assessment Reassessment SAMPLE Questions - ANSWER Signs and symptoms Allergies Medications Past illnesses Last oral intake Events leading up to the present illness or injury History OPQRST - ANSWER Onset Provocation or palliation Quality Region and radiation Severity Time Initial assessment --> - ANSWER consider equipment that is needed form a general impression--> - ANSWER assess responsiveness and level of consciousness -->EAP Immediate management of bleeding - ANSWER Use standard precautions Maintain the airway w/ spinal motion restriction if spinal injury Apply direct pressure over the wound with a dry, sterile dressing If bleeding continues - ANSWER do not remove dressing, apply additional dressing w/ manual pressure Apply a pressure bandage Cover entire dressing above and below wound Stretch band tightly enough to control bleeding but - ANSWER not so tight as to decrease blood flow to the extremity Check distal pulse (on injured extremity) before - ANSWER and after applying dressing If not immediately effective, apply a tourniquet - ANSWER above the level of the bleeding or use a hemostatic agent Do NOT remove the dressing until - ANSWER a physician has evaluated the patient Immediate management of shock - ANSWER maximize oxygen delivery Immediate management of Humeral fractures - ANSWER Splint the extremity without attempting to reduce Transport Colles' fracture - ANSWER Neurovascular assessment then splint extremity Reverse Colles' = Smith fracture - ANSWER closed reduction and splint or cast Pelvic fracture - ANSWER Activate EMS and transport immediately!!! pre-hospital compression devices Management of Femur fracture/ Ankle fracture - ANSWER Neurovascular exam (Drop foot or Volkman's contracture) splint, stabilize above and below compartment syndrome Immediate management of Shoulder dislocation - ANSWER Stabilize the extremity and move patient to a safe area Reduce as soon as possible If a fracture is suspected do not attempt to reduce a dislocation Elbow dislocation - ANSWER Always complete a thorough neurovascular exam Immobilize the elbow and extremity and transport immediately for further Medical Care Pain medication to achieve reduction Finger dislocation - ANSWER Longitudinal traction with pressure on associated aspect of Digit relative to dislocation Direction Neurovascular assessment should be completed pre and post reduction Soft tissue is assessed; full-function assessed Imaging and further Medical Care may be warranted Hip dislocation - ANSWER Activate EMS Monitor vitals and neurological integrity Radiographs confirm dislocation diagnosis Knee dislocation - ANSWER Activate EMS Transport for further medical treatment immediately Ankle dislocation - ANSWER Assess neurovascular structured (if compromised, attempt to reduce immediately or limb threatening) Splint the extremity and transport respective of reduction AVPU is used to - ANSWER Assess responsiveness and level of consciousness Simplify the classification of mental status AVPU stands for - ANSWER ALERT: patient is fully awake (but not necessarily oriented) VOICE: patient makes some response when you talk (eyes, voice, or motor response) PAIN: patient responds to application of pain stimulus UNRESPONSIVE: patient gives no eye, voice, or motor response to voice or pain Glasgow Coma Scale is used to - ANSWER Assess level of consciousness in trauma patients Components of Glasgow Coma Scale - ANSWER EYE Opening VERBAL Stimulus MOTOR stimulus Combined score: of < 8 is considered unresponsive or comatose Pale - ANSWER Early-stage shock Clammy (cool, wet/ diaphoretic) - ANSWER Uncompensated shock Cyanotic - ANSWER Late-stage shock Red - ANSWER Poisoning, overdose or other medical condition Flushed - ANSWER Exercise, sun exposure, heatstroke Yellow - ANSWER Jaundice, liver disorder Pale, white, ashen, or gray - ANSWER Perfusion, reduced peripheral circulation, or low oxygen saturation Hot - ANSWER Fever, heat exposure, localized infection Warm - ANSWER Normal Cool - ANSWER Inadequate perfusion, shock, or cold exposure Cold - ANSWER Hypothermia, frostbite Wet (diaphoretic) or moist - ANSWER Shock, sweating, cardiac, or diabetic emergency Abnormally dry - ANSWER Severe dehydration, spinal injury Hemorrhage - ANSWER Acute and significant loss of blood -> decreased blood volume Perfusion - ANSWER Oxygen and nutrients provided to tissue and remove metabolic waste products via circulating blood Hypovolemic - ANSWER Severe loss of blood makes the heart unable to pump blood to the body Distributive - ANSWER Caused by excessive vasodilation and impairs the distribution of blood flow Cardiogenic - ANSWER the heart cannot pump enough blood to the other vital organs Obstructive - ANSWER caused by a physical obstruction in the flow of blood Hippocratic method - ANSWER Patient is supine and one hand on the forearm of the patient and the other hand under the axilla, patient is abducted and the shoulder is pushed back in by using a fulcrum Stimson's hanging arm technique - ANSWER Hanging weights prone Milch technique - ANSWER patient lies supine while the clinician slowly pulls the arm first to a 90° abduction, followed by a slow external rotation to 90°. Spaso technique - ANSWER forward flexion, external rotation, and gentle traction for the reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations with the patient in the supin