Pearson RBT Exam with complete solutions

The roles and responsibilities of the RBT include which of the following? - ANSWER All of the above (deliver discrete trial instruction and incidental teaching, record data, and implement behavior interventions plans as ...

The roles and responsibilities of the RBT include which of the following? - ANSWER All of the above (deliver discrete trial instruction and incidental teaching, record data, and implement behavior interventions plans as written as a BCBA) True/False: An RBT can practice independently of a BCBA - ANSWER False Rate is... - ANSWER the total count per a unit of time Duration is... - ANSWER the time from when the behavior begins to when it ends. Latency is... - ANSWER the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the occurrence of a behavior Which of the following is a continuous recording method? - ANSWER All of the above (duration, rate/frequency, and latency) calculate frequency/rate per hour and minute for a behavior that occurred 120 times over a 2 hour observation - ANSWER 60 per hour, 1 per minute partial-interval recording is... - ANSWER When the behavior must occur at least once during the interval to be recorded Whole-interval recording is.... - ANSWER when the behavior must occur for the entire interval to be recorded. Momentary time sampling is.... - ANSWER when the behavior must be occurring at the end of the interval to be recorded. Inter-response time is... - ANSWER The time between the end of one instance of the behavior and the beginning of the next occurrence of behavior. which recording method would you expect to use when a target behavior is set to increase? - ANSWER whole-interval recording Which recording method would you expect to use when a target behavior is set to decrease? - ANSWER Partial-interval recording true or false? Partial interval recording has the tendency to under-estimate the frequency of a target behavior while whole interval recording has the tendency to over-estimate the frequency of the target behavior? - ANSWER False Which of the following are examples of "permanent products" that can be used to collect data using permanent product recording procedures. - ANSWER Number of broken windows and folded shirts True/False: permanent product recording is one of the lease cumbersome data recording methods - ANSWER True Choose the best operational definition for a tantrum - ANSWER Any instance of the client crying and hitting himself in the head with a closed fist which makes a sound that can be heard within five feet. Instance must last longer than 30 seconds and are separated by 30 seconds of non-occurrence. Define behavior: - ANSWER The activity of living organisms; human behavior includes everything that people do. define environment: - ANSWER the conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or references part of the organism exists; behavior cannot occur in the absence of environment. List the four functions of behavior: - ANSWER Social positive (attention/access), Social negative (escaping), Automatic Positive (sensory stimulation), Automatic Negative (pain attenuation) A client gets out of his seat every time a demand is placed. When he gets out of his seat his teacher says, "Oh you need a break", and does not follow through with her demand. This client's out of seat behavior most likely serves what function? - ANSWER Social negative (escape) A client frequently spits. You notice that he spits during work times, when he is on a break, when he is playing with his favorite toys, during meal times, when you or someone else is directly engaged with him, and even when he is by himself. One day mom brings the client back from the dentist where he had to get 6 cavities filled. After this dentist appointment the spitting stopped. What function does spitting most likely serve? - ANSWER Automatic negative (pain attenuation) Every time his mother removes items from him, a client engages in a tantrum. Mom tries to ignore him but after around five minutes mom gives him back the item she removed and the tantrum immediately stops. What function is most likely maintaining the tantrums? - ANSWER Social Positive (attention/access) A client hits other students in his class during work and break times. Each time he hits another students the teacher immediately provides a verbal reprimand. What function does his hitting most like serve? - ANSWER Social Positive (attention/access) You work with a client who drops legos on the floor for hours if left alone. The client does this even if others are playing with him, when no demands are being placed, and when given free access to a number of preferred toys. What is the function of the lego dropping behavior? - ANSWER Automatic Positive (sensory stimulation) What is an antecedent? - ANSWER A stimulus that occurs before the behavior What is a consequence? - ANSWER A stimulus that occurs after the behavior Why do we conduct assessments? - ANSWER All of the above (to discover behavioral deficits, to discover behavior excesses, to identify environment variables) True/False: A functional assessment is a set of procedures used to identify the cause of a problem behavior or socially inappropriate behavior. - ANSWER True A functional analysis is... - ANSWER The deliberate manipulation of variables to evoke a target behavior to determine the function of the behavior. A Functional Behavior Assessment is... - ANSWER all of the above (a set of interviews conducted to identify the function of a behavior, observations of the problem behavior as it is occurring in the natural setting, and functional analysis) What does the ABC stand for in ABC recording? - ANSWER Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence A reinforcer is... - ANSWER A stimulus that increases or maintains the frequency of a behavior A punisher is... - ANSWER A stimulus that decreases the future frequency of a behavior. Provide one example of a primary reinforcer - ANSWER food, water, warmth. Provide one example of a secondary reinforcer - ANSWER bell, token, praise. The manipulation if Motivating Operations is a(n)... - ANSWER Antecedent intervention True/False: an Establishing Operation increases the value of a particular reinforcer - ANSWER True True/False: An Abolishing Operation decreases the value of a particular reinforcer - ANSWER True What is the main purpose of pairing yourself with reinforcement: - ANSWER to make you reinforcing to the client What is differential reinforcement? - ANSWER reinforcing a desired behavior while discontinuing the reinforcement for an undesired behavior. Which of the following is not a Differential Reinforcement procedure? - ANSWER Differential reinforcement of appropriate behaviors. Which of the following is an incompatible behavior for hand flipping? - ANSWER Squeezing hands together. Define Extinction: - ANSWER Discontinuation of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior; the primary effect is a decrease in the frequency of behavior until it reaches a pre-reinforced level or ultimately ceases to occur. True/False: Extinction is most effective when used as a stand-alone procedure? - ANSWER False. You are working with a client who engages in verbal aggression. The BCBA on the case has determined that the verbal aggression is maintain by escape from demands. The BCBA asks you to use extinction as a part of the intervention plan. Briefly describe what this procedure would look like. - ANSWER Not allowing the client to escape from demands when he/she engages in verbal aggression and providing no reaction or response to the verbal aggression. You are working with a client who engages in tantrums that are maintained by access to tangibles. The BCBA instructs you to implement extinction. Briefly describe what this procedure would look like for this case. - ANSWER Not providing tangibles when the client engages in tantrum behaviors and providing no reaction or response to the tantrum behavior. True/False: There are times as an RBT you will have to implement emergency/crisis strategies. - ANSWER True Which of the following is an example of an emergency/crisis management strategy. - ANSWER All of the above (Relocate people, Remove unnecessary demands, and rearrange the environment) You are unsure that an emergency/crisis management procedure is appropriate for a particular behavior. Who should you consult with? - ANSWER BCBA What constitute an emergency? - ANSWER All of the above (Self-injury, injury to others, destruction of property) An Acquisition program is a program designed to... - ANSWER Teach a new skill the individual does not have. Acquisition programs can teach with of the following skills - ANSWER all of the above (daily living skills, communication skills, recreational/leisure skills) True/False: Another name for conditioned reinforcement is primary reinforcement. - ANSWER False Examples of unconditioned reinforcers include which of the following? Circle all that apply. - ANSWER Skittles, Juice, sleeping List three examples of conditioned reinforcers. - ANSWER Tokens, social praise, toys. What is a reinforcement schedule? - ANSWER A protocol that states the frequency of which reinforcement will be delivered. When would you provide reinforcement if a client was on a continuous schedule of reinforcement? - ANSWER Reinforcement is delivered for each occurrence of the target behavior. True/False: Intermittent reinforcement is most often used for maintaining previously learned behaviors. - ANSWER True What are the four schedules of intermittent reinforcement? - ANSWER Fixed-ratio, fixed interval, variable-ratio, variable-interval When using a ratio schedule of reinforcement, reinforcement is delivered when? - ANSWER Reinforcement is delivered after a certain number of responses. When using an interval schedule of reinforcement, reinforcement is delivered when? - ANSWER Reinforcement is delivered for the first response after a certain amount of time since the last response. True/False: Discrete Trial Training (DTT) is a method of teaching in simplified and structured steps - ANSWER True When teaching with DTT how quickly should you deliver reinforcement after a correct response? - ANSWER Within 1-2 seconds. True/False: Discrete Trial Training is a method of teaching in the natural environment, following what the client naturally gravitates toward. - ANSWER False True/False: Discrete Trial Training is an effective way to teach certain skills to some learners with ASD. - ANSWER True Which of the following will you want to do when delivering reinforcement during DTT? - ANSWER All of the above (deliver a variety of reinforcers, ensure that the effort to obtain reinforcement is reasonable, use an appropriate rate of reinforcement, use an appropriate magnitude of reinforcement, and minimize the time between the correct response and delivering reinforcement. Define a prompt: - ANSWER A cue or assistance to encourage a desired response and used to provide assistance to increase clients success and reduce frustration with learning new skills/behaviors. Provide 3 examples of a prompt - ANSWER Gestural, verbal, physical. Prompts should be... - ANSWER Gradually withdrawn. Some advantages of NET are which of the following. - ANSWER Use of a client's MO to guide language instruction, Reduce the amount of problem behavior, the verbal instructions are much more instructions are much more characteristic of typical verbal interactions, and the training conditions are closer to how a client may be taught in the future. Provide an example of incidental teaching... - ANSWER Providing structured learning opportunities in the natural environment by using the clients interests and natural motivation, such as withholding reinforcing items until a client requests them appropriately. True/False: Sometimes when using NET procedures you may have to contrive a situation to work on a skill. - ANSWER True True/False: Task analysis is the process of breaking a skill into smaller, more manageable steps in order to teach the skill. Task analysis is an effective way to plan the teaching of skills that require several steps to be performed. - ANSWER True. Task analysis can be used to teach which of the following types of skills. - ANSWER All of the above (self-help skills, life skills, academic skills) Provide an example of a behavior that is most likely be taught using a task analysis. - ANSWER hand washing, brushing teeth, completing chores. When using backward chaining the RBT does which of the following? - ANSWER Will prompt the client through the steps and then expect the client to do the last step independently. Each time a step is mastered the client is expected to complete the acquisition step and all mastered steps. When using forward chaining the RBT does with of the following? - ANSWER Will ask the client to complete the first step independently then prompt him/her through the remainder of the steps. Once a step is mastered the client is expected to complete all mastered and the one acquisition step independently. When using total task presentation the RBT does which of the following? - ANSWER Will present the task and will allow the opportunity for the client to complete each step independently in order each time the task is presented, prompting when necessary. True/False: Discrimination training is a process of reinforcing or punishing a response is the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing it in the presence of other stimuli. - ANSWER True. Which of the following is considered an error? - ANSWER All of the above (repeating the correct answer more than once, no response, selecting the wrong item) True/False: The stimulus delta (S-Delta) is defined as a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced. - ANSWER False. True/False: The discriminative stimulus (Sd) is defined as a stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will not be reinforced. - ANSWER False Define Stimulus control: - ANSWER A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus. True/False: Stimulus fading involved introducing or altering a new element, such as color, intensity, or size to the target stimulus, which is gradually faded by reducing its intensity or components. - ANSWER True True/False: Stimulus fading can often be used to desensitize a client to aversive stimuli. - ANSWER True Provide an example of stimulus fading: - ANSWER Stimulus fading can be used in what context(s)? - ANSWER All of the above (academic skills, adaptive skills, behavior reduction) Which is a correct prompting hierarchy for prompt fading? - ANSWER Full physical, partial physical, model, gesture Which is a correct prompting hierarchy for prompt fading? - ANSWER Full verbal, partial verbal, gestural, visual.