GCE History A Y303/01: English Government and the Church 1066-1216 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020

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Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations GCE History A Y303/01: English Government and the Church 1066-1216 Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxfo... rd Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the report on the examination. © OCR 2020Y303/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 2 Annotations Annotation Meaning of annotation Blank Page Highlight Off-page comment Assertion Analysis Evaluation Explanation Factor Illustrates/Describes Irrelevant, a significant amount of material that does not answer the question Judgement Knowledge and understanding Provenance Simple comment Unclear View Synthesis Continuity/ChangeY303/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 3 Subject-specific Marking Instructions Question Answer Mark Guidance 1 Evaluate the interpretations in both of the two passages and explain which you think is more convincing as an explanation of Stephen’s relationship with the English Church. • In locating the Interpretations within the wider historical debate answers might argue that Interpretation A argues that Stephen’s authority over the Church was being weakened. His charter of 1136 seemed to damage royal control. He had a poor relationship with some churchmen including, at times, his brother and the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Papal power was growing. • In evaluating Interpretation A, answers might argue that this interpretation is valid since Stephen’s treatment of Roger of Salisbury and his family made many in the Church angry. • Answers might argue that Interpretation A is valid as bishops and abbots previously loyal to Stephen saw his defeat at Lincoln as divine vengeance and so became more wary of him. • Answers might argue that Interpretation A is valid as the increased number of appeals to Rome in Stephen’s reign indicated a growth in papal power. • Answers might argue that this is valid as growth in papal power is supported by Interpretation B. • Answers might argue that this is valid as the Pope deposed Stephen’s candidate for the archbishopric of York and appointed his own, Henry Murdac, instead. 30 • No set answer is required • At Level 5 and above answers will evaluate both interpretations, locating them within the wider historical debate about the issue and using their own knowledge and reach a balanced judgement as to which they consider the most convincing about the issue in the question • To be valid, judgements must be supported by relevant and accurate material • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used to analyse and evaluate the interpretations, in line with the descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y303/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 4 Question Answer Mark Guidance • Answers might argue that Interpretation A is less convincing as by 1148 Stephen had shown his authority by excluding from England both the English Archbishops. • In locating the Interpretations within the wider historical debate answers might argue that Interpretation B argues that although Stephen made promises to the Church these did not mean a surrender of his power over it. Despite papal influence increasing for some time, Stephen was still able to wield authority over the Church. • In evaluating Interpretation B, answers might argue that it is valid as Stephen was still able to influence elections. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is valid as Stephen was able to exclude both Archbishops from England. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is valid as Stephen’s own nephew was appointed as Archbishop of York. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is more convincing as it looks at both sides of the question and allows that there was a reduction in direct royal influence over appointments. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is valid as Stephen restricted the number of bishops allowed to attend papal councils as in 1139 and 1148. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is less valid as many elections to abbeys and bishoprics took place without much reference to the King. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is less convincing as the Archbishop of Canterbury simply defied Stephen and attended the council despite theY303/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 5 Question Answer Mark Guidance 2* ban. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is less convincing as Stephen was unable to prevent his nephew being deposed as Archbishop of York and replaced by the papal candidate. ‘The most important change in English central government in the period 1066 to 1216 was the development of the Exchequer.’ How far do you agree? • In supporting the hypothesis in the question, answers might argue that the Exchequer is known to have existed from the reign of Henry I. • Answers might argue that the Exchequer helped to bring sheriffs under royal control by having them regularly render account there. • Answers might argue that through its transparent methods accounts could be seen to be dealt with openly and fairly and so it enhanced royal authority. • Answers might argue that the Exchequer was a key part of the mechanism by which kings increased their finances, so enabling them to meet the financial demands caused by the growing costs of administration and warfare. • In challenging the hypothesis in the question it might be argued that the development of the role of chief justiciar was even more important as this enabled absentee kingship to function effectively. • Answers might argue that the main development was the chancery which functioned from the beginning of the period and underwent much development under the Angevins, when Hubert Walter oversaw a marked increase in chancery documents. • Answers might consider the importing of Norman ideas under William I, especially feudal government 25 • No set answer is expected • At higher levels answers might establish criteria against which to judge • To be valid judgments must be supported by relevant and accurate material • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y303/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 6 Question Answer Mark Guidance 3* which helped to reinforce centralisation of the state. • Answers might consider the acquisition of continental possessions as these led to absentee kingship and the developments stemming from it. • Answers might argue that centralisation and the development of bureaucratic government was the most important change and that the development of the Exchequer and other major offices were just part of this. . To what extent did English local government undergo significant change in the period from 1066 to 1216? • In supporting the hypothesis in the question, answers might argue that there were a number of changes, especially from William II’s reign on. • Answers might argue that there were repeated attempts to bring the sheriffs under control through inquests and regular accounting at the Exchequer. • Answers might argue that there was a change in the role of sheriffs as they attended to more routine business. • Answers might argue that itinerant justices were introduced. • Answers might argue that feudalism was introduced. • Answers might argue that there was a considerable growth of royal control over the localities. • In challenging the hypothesis in the question it might be argued that the sheriff remained a key royal official in the shires throughout the period. • Answers might argue that shire and hundred courts continued to dispense justice. • Answers might argue that the underlying theme of growing centralisation remained the same for much of the period. 25 • No set answer is expected • At higher levels answers might establish criteria against which to judge • To be valid judgments must be supported by relevant and accurate material • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y303/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 7 Question Answer Mark Guidance 4* • Answers might argue that significant changes were in the methods used rather than the aim or approach. To what extent was Anselm typical of Archbishops of Canterbury in the period from 1066 to 1216? • In supporting the hypothesis in the question, answers might argue that in supporting the rights of the church and ideas stemming from the Gregorian Reform movement, Anselm was typical of some later archbishops, Theobald and Becket. • Answers might consider that, like other archbishops of Canterbury, Anselm helped to strengthen the English Church. • Answers might argue that, like some other archbishops of Canterbury, Lanfranc, Theobald and Hubert Walter, Anselm was able to establish a working relationship with his monarch, Henry I. • Answers might argue that like Theobald, Becket and Langton, Anselm suffered periods of exile in which his authority over the English Church was weakened. • Answers might argue that Anselm’s poor relationship with William II was similar to the poor relationships of Becket and Langton with their monarchs. • In challenging the hypothesis in the question it might be argued that Anselm was the first archbishop of Canterbury to be fully aware of the full force of the principles of the Gregorian reform movement. • Answers might argue that Anselm was the only archbishop of Canterbury to take a stand on the Investiture Contest as he brought it to a compromise conclusion in 1107. • Answers might argue that Anselm did not take as active a role in supporting government as Lanfranc, 25 • No set answer is expected • At higher levels answers might establish criteria against which to judge • To be valid judgments must be supported by relevant and accurate material • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y303/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 8 Question Answer Mark Guidance Walter and Langton did. APPENDIX 2 Use this space if you have extensive subject specific information that is inappropriate to include in section 10 page 3.OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations) The Triangle Building Shaftesbury Road Cambridge CB2 8EA [Show More]

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