GCE History A Y312/01: Popular culture and the witchcraze of the 16th and 17th centuries Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020

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GCE History A Y312/01: Popular culture and the witchcraze of the 16th and 17th centuries Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations GCE History A Y312... /01: Popular culture and the witchcraze of the 16th and 17th centuries Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for November 2020Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the report on the examination. © OCR 2020Y312/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 3 Annotations Annotation Meaning of annotation Blank Page Highlight Off-page comment Assertion Analysis Evaluation Explanation Factor Illustrates/Describes Irrelevant, a significant amount of material that does not answer the question Judgement Knowledge and understanding Provenance Simple comment Unclear View Synthesis Continuity/ChangeY312/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 4 Subject Specific Marking Instructions MARK SCHEME Question Answer/Indicative content Mark Guidance 1 Evaluate the interpretations in both of the two passages and explain which you think is more convincing as an explanation of the role of the authorities in witch hunts in South Germany in the period from c1590-1630. • In locating the Interpretations within the wider historical debate, answer might argue that Interpretation A puts forward the view that the hunts were the result of popular pressure and the authorities just responded. • In evaluating Interpretation A, answers might argue that this view is valid as the population saw accusations and trials as a way to obtain social revenge and confiscate possessions. • Answers might argue that Interpretation A is valid as communities often set up their own committees. • Answers might argue that Interpretation A is valid as witchcraft accusations were used to attack the old elite groups who had run villages, as in Winningen. • Answers might argue that Interpretation A is not valid as it ignores the role played by the Bishops in areas such as Bamberg. • In locating the Interpretations within the wider historical debate, answers might argue that Interpretation B puts forward the view that the 30 • No set answer is expected • At Level 5 and above answers will evaluate both interpretations, locating them within the wider historical debate about the issue and using their own knowledge, and reach a balanced judgement as to which they consider the most convincing about the issue in the question. • To be valid, judgements must be supported by relevant and accurate material. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used to analyse and evaluate the interpretations, in line with descriptions in the levels mark schemeY312/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 5 2* hunts were the result of the political authorities, specifically citing the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg. • In evaluating Interpretation B, answers might argue it is valid as they used the Edict of Restitution to justify their actions. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is valid as there were calls for Protestants to be converted. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is valid as many of those who were prosecuted had failed to take communion. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is valid as the Thirty Years War was seen as a struggle between God and the Devil. • Answers might argue that Interpretation B is invalid as many in authority were persecuted. ‘Throughout the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries pageants and festivals of misrule were consistently attacked by the authorities.’ How far do you agree? • In arguing they were attacked, it might be argued that the authorities were concerned that they were a threat to order as they challenged the social structure. • Answers might consider that the authorities were concerned that once the festivals were over there would not be a return to order. • Answers might consider that the authorities were concerned as the festivals led to riots and unrest, such as London 1517, as well as being used to attack groups like Jews. • Answers might consider that after the Reformation the Catholic Church became concerned that they were used to mock and 25 • No set answer is expected • At higher levels answers might establish criteria against which to judge • To be valid, judgements must be supported by relevant and accurate material. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y312/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 6 3* protest against it and that both Catholic and Protestant Churches were concerned by the inversion of religious order and profanity. • Answers might consider the attempts to outlaw the festivals. • Answers might consider that state centralization, as in France, led to authorities attacking festivals of misrule. • In arguing that they were not consistently attacked, it might be argued that initially the authorities viewed the festivals as a safety valve. • Answers might consider that they were not consistently attacked as pageants were often used to reinforce the social order. • Answers might consider that festivals were not attacked as the authorities saw them as an opportunity for the workers to avoid the monotony of work. • Answers might consider the involvement of the nobility and guilds in the festivals. • Answers might consider the regional variation in attitude. How important were wars in bringing about the witchcraze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? • In supporting the hypothesis that wars were important, it might be argued that they created tensions and strains which led to accusations as communities looked to blame misery on supernatural causes. • Answers might consider the Thirty Years War and its impact on South Germany. 25 • No set answer is expected • At higher levels answers might establish criteria against which to judge • To be valid, judgements must be supported by relevant and accurate material. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y312/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 7 4* • Answers might consider the impact of the Civil War in England and Hopkins’ hunt in East Anglia. • Answers might consider the impact of the Indian Wars on the witchcraze in Salem. • In challenging the hypothesis that wars were important, it might be argued that war created instability and prevented regular legal business. • Answers might consider that war created a genuine enemy so there was no need for scapegoats. • Answers might consider the decline in persecutions during the French Wars of Religion. • Answers might consider the lack of persecutions in the Spanish Netherlands. • Answers might consider that other factors, such as the religious divide created by the Reformation was more important. • Answers might consider that social and economic changes led to the persecutions. • Answers might consider that natural disasters, such as plague or the weather led to the witchcraze. ‘Persecutions for witchcraft in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were more likely in areas where there were religious divisions? How far do you agree? • In supporting the hypothesis in the question, it might be argued that the witch hunts in South Germany took place where Catholicism and Protestantism were engaged in a struggle. • Answers might consider that there were few persecutions in areas such as Italy and Spain where there was no religious division. 25 • No set answer is expected • At higher levels answers might establish criteria against which to judge • To be valid, judgements must be supported by relevant and accurate material. • Knowledge must not be credited in isolation, it should only be credited where it is used as the basis for analysis and evaluation, in line with descriptions in the levels mark scheme.Y312/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 8 • Answers might consider that there were more persecutions in areas such as France and Poland where there was religious division. • Answers might consider that persecution in Essex in the 1640s followed an attack on Anglican clergy and the removal of images. • Answers might consider that the zeal of princebishops led to persecution, often attacking those who failed to attend communion. • In challenging the hypothesis in the question, it might be argued that there were few persecutions in the Netherlands where there was religious division. • Answers might consider that persecutions began years after the start of the Reformation. • Answers might consider that in some areas, such as Ban de la Roche it was Lutherans who accused Lutherans. • Answers might consider that it was popular demands for action against maleficent magic that led to action. • Answers might consider that religious division was simply a precondition for persecution.Y312/01 Mark Scheme November 2020 10 APPENDIX 2 – this section contains additional subject specific information Use this space if you have extensive subject specific information that is inappropriate to include elsewhere.OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations) The Triangle Building Shaftesbury Road Cambridge CB2 8EA [Show More]

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