NSCA-CSCS Exam Chapter 1

NSCA-CSCS Exam Chapter 1 To what structures do the cross-bridges attach during muscle action? - ANS - Actin Which substance regulates muscle actions? - ANS - Calcium Which substance acts at the neuromuscular junction ...

NSCA-CSCS Exam Chapter 1 To what structures do the cross-bridges attach during muscle action? - ANS - Actin Which substance regulates muscle actions? - ANS - Calcium Which substance acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a motor unit? - ANS - Acetylcholine Which muscle fiber type is the MOST beneficial for a marathon runner? - ANS - Type I When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just prior to throwing the ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively increasing muscle activity? - ANS - Muscle Spindle From what is the heart's electrical impulse normally initiated? - ANS - SA Node Which of the following occurs during the QRS complex of a typical ECG? - ANS - repolarization of the atrium and depolarization of the ventricle. A-Band - ANS - overlapping actin and myosin acetylcholine - ANS - Arrival of the action potential at the nerve terminal causes release of a neurotransmitter, ______, which diffuses across the neuromuscular junction. Once a sufficient amount is released, an action potential is generated across the sarcolemma, and the (muscle)fiber contracts. Actin and Myosin - ANS - contractile proteins in muscle Action potential - ANS - the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell. All-or-none Principle - ANS - the strength by which a nerve or muscle fiber responds to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus. If the stimulus exceeds the threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete response; otherwise, there is no response. Alveolar Pressure - ANS - the pressure in centimeters of water pressure (cmH2O) held within the alveoli of the lungs during inspiration. The pressure value is the difference from atmospheric pressure, which is considered zero when establishing the value. Alveoli - ANS - where gases are exchanged in respiration. Aortic Valve - ANS - prevents backflow from the aorta into the ventricles during ventricular relaxation (diastole) Arterial System - ANS - Carries blood away from the heart Arteriole - ANS - small branches of arteries that act as control vessels through which blood enters the capillaries.Play a major role in the regulation of blood flow to the extremeities. Artery - ANS - Their function is to rapidly transport blood pumped from the heart. Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle - ANS - conducts the electrical impulse to the ventricles Atrioventricular (AV) Node - ANS - electrical impulses coming from the SA node are delayed slightly here before passing into the ventricles Atrioventricular (AV) Valves - ANS - consists of the tricuspid and mitral valve and prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria during ventricular contraction (systole). Atrium - ANS - there are two of these, a right and a left. Their function is to deliver blood to another chamber of the heart. Bone Periosteum - ANS - a specialized connective tissue covering all bones. Bradycardia - ANS - fewer than 60 beats of the heart per minute Bronchi - ANS - These come after the Trachea in the respiratory system and are known as second-generation respiratory passages Bronchiole - ANS - These come after the Bronchi in the respiratory system and are known as an additional generation of respiratory passages Capillary - ANS - their function is to exchange oxygen, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the various tissues in the body. Cross-bridge - ANS - Globular heads that protrude away from the myosin filament at regular intervals. Depolarization - ANS - the reversal of the membrane electrical potential, whereby the normally negative potential inside the membrane becomes slightly positive and the outside becomes slightly negative Diastole - ANS - Ventricular relaxa