LETRS Unit 3 2022 study Guide with complete solutions 100% correct

LETRS Unit 3 2022 study Guide with complete solutions 100% correct Normal "flora" - traditional view ====> MICROBES WE COULD FIND IN AND ON OUR BODIES IN EVEN HEALTHY PEOPLE FLORA REALLY MEANS PLANTS Normal flora w ...

LETRS Unit 3 2022 study Guide with complete solutions 100% correct Normal "flora" - traditional view ====> MICROBES WE COULD FIND IN AND ON OUR BODIES IN EVEN HEALTHY PEOPLE FLORA REALLY MEANS PLANTS Normal flora were commensals Commensals - traditional view ====> get benefits from living on us but we as humans dont get anything from them; not doing anything for us Normal flora and commensal relationship ====> normal "flora" ----> commensals Pathogens - traditional view ====> cause disease Pathogen and disease relationship ====> pathogens ----> disease What does disease mean? - traditional and modern view ====> damage to host cells and tissues Modern view of microbes and humans - KNOW ARROWS OF RELATIONSHIPS ====> LECTURE 3-15 Slide 3 Normal microbiota (all microbes that live in and on us) Mutualists (doing good things for us - need them for optimal health; provide benefits) Commensals (just hanging out there) Pathogens (comensal pathogens - some normal microbiotia can cuase disease- commensals can be pathogens) dysbiosis (can lead to disease - need to maintain optimal level of normal microbiota compostion of could cause disease) what are humans colonized by microbes for? ====> life - the normal microbiota why are normal microbiota hard to study? ====> because we all have them normal microbiota questions: are they commensals or mutualists? are they residents or transients? transients ====> short time but dont have permanent address on our bodies and make not be impacting us too much what were normal microbiota initially called? ====> normal flora what happens when the normal relationship is disrupted? - possible explanation ====> dysbiosis - could be a explanation for certain disease that have came up in the U.S. what is the human microbiome project? ====> normal microobiota and all their genomic capabity - their function role/what theyre capable of doing; genomes of ALL the microbiota NIH study to determine basic information about normal microbiota what microbes are commonly found in healthy humans? how do they vary across a lifetime and between people? what is their role in health and disease? what does the normal microbiota contain? ====> MANY BACTERIA 55 different phyla of bacteria are known only 4-6 are predominate in humans (found on human body - selective environment; they are very abundant on humans) firmicutes and actinobacteria ====> bacteria contained from normal microbiota gram-positive bacteroidetes and proteobacteria ====> bacteria contained from normal microbiota gram-negative what are other members of the microbiota besides bacteria? ====> archaea (few species of methanogens) fungi (colonize skin and oral tract) protists (GI tract) animals (worms and mites) viruses: human virome - even healthy people have viruses cirulating through their body at times how do we acquire our microbiota? ====> initial colonization during birth - during birthing process; almost immediately colonized with microorganisms ecological succession over time until mature community at adulthood - start to develop stable health community that will occur after puberty autotrophs provide what to their animal? ====> carbon source to animal hosts heterotrophs provide what to their animal? ====> degrade plant materials for their host to eat what do microbes use biosynthetic capacity for? ====> provide amino acids and vitamins to animal hosts that love on an unbalanced diet what do some microbes also do for their animal hosts? ====> fix nitrogen good for those who have an unbalanced diet - ex. termites who eat wood not limited to just carbon metabolism - micrboes can make amino acids and other food sources what do microbes produce for their animal hosts? ====> antibiotics that protect their hosts from infectious disease ex. ants coated in microorangisms that keep fungal healthy - carry around their own antibiotic producing microbes ex. ants bring leaves to their fungi to degrade it and then the ants eat the fungi