Airway bill - ANSWER A bill of lading for air transport that serves as a receipt for the shipper, indicates that the carrier has accepted the goods listed, obligates the carrier to carry the consignment to the airport of
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Airway bill - ANSWER A bill of lading for air transport that serves as a receipt for the shipper, indicates that the carrier has accepted the goods listed, obligates the carrier to carry the consignment to the airport of destination according to specified conditions.
Advanced ship notice (ASN) - ANSWER An electronic data interchange (EDI) notification of shipment of product.
Aggregate inventory management - ANSWER Establishing the overall level (dollar value) of inventory desired and implementing controls to achieve this goal.
Batch pick - ANSWER A method of picking orders in which order requirements are aggregated by product across orders to reduce movement to and from product locations. The aggregated quantities of each product are then transported to a common area where the individual orders are constructed.
Basic Description - ANSWER Required description on documentation when shipping or handling hazmats. It must include: the Identification Number; Proper Shipping Name; Hazard Class or Division; and Packing Group.
Bill of lading - ANSWER A carrier's contract and receipt for goods the carrier agrees to transport from one place to another and to deliver to a designated person. In case of loss, damage, or delay, the bill of lading is the basis for filing freight claims.
Bonding - ANSWER A system that connects various pieces of conductive equipment together to keep them at the same potential. Static sparking cannot take place between objects that are the same potential.
Cantilever rack - ANSWER A specialized form of rack used for storing long items such as lumber or pipes.
Carrier freight bill - ANSWER An invoice presented by the carrier to the shipper, the consignee or a referenced third-party as a demand for payment for services rendered.
Certificate of origin - ANSWER A document attesting to a shipment's country of origin.
Common carriers - ANSWER Transportation available to the public that does not provide special treatment to any one party and is regulated as to the rates charged, the liability assumed, and the service provided. A common carrier must obtain a certificate of public convenience and necessity from the Federal Trade Commission for interstate traffic.
Consignee - ANSWER The receiver of shipment of freight; the customer.
Containerization - ANSWER A shipment method in which commodities are placed in containers, and after initial loading, the commodities per se are not re-handled in shipment until they are unloaded at the destination.
Contract carriers - ANSWER A carrier that does not serve the general public, but provides transportation for hire for one or a limited number of shippers under a specific contract.
Automated storage/retrieval system (AS/RS) - ANSWER A high-density, rack inventory storage system with vehicles automatically loading and unloading the racks.
Corrosives - ANSWER Materials that can attack and chemically destroy exposed body tissues. Corrosives can also damage or even destroy metal. They begin to cause damage as soon as they touch the skin, eyes, respiratory tract, digestive tract, or the metal.
Cross-docking - ANSWER The concept of packing products on the incoming shipments so they can be easily sorted at intermediate warehouses or for outgoing shipments based on final destination. The items are carried from the incoming vehicle docking point to the outgoing vehicle docking point without being stored in inventory at the warehouse.
Cycle count - ANSWER An inventory accuracy audit technique where inventory is counted on a cyclic schedule rather than once a year.
Decoupling - ANSWER Creating independence between supply and use of material. Commonly denotes providing inventory between operations so that fluctuations in the production rate of the supplying operation do not constrain production or use rates of the next operation.
Delivery receipt - ANSWER A document issued by the carrier that the consignee signs as proof of receipt.
Dunnage - ANSWER Inexpensive or waste material used to protect and load securing cargo during transport.
Duty - ANSWER A tax levied by government on the importation, exportation, or use and consumption of goods.
Exempt carriers - ANSWER A for-hire carrier that is free from economic regulation.
Fixed costs - ANSWER An expenditure that does not vary with the production volume; for example, rent, property tax, and salaries of certain personnel.
Fixed order quantity ordering - ANSWER An inventory system, such as economic order quantity, in which the same order quantity is used from order to order. The time between orders (order period) then varies from order to order.
Free trade agreements - ANSWER An agreement between one or more countries which eliminates tariffs, import quotas, and preferences on most (if not all) goods and services traded between them.
Freight forwarders - ANSWER The 'middle man' between the carrier and the organization shipping the product. Often combines smaller shipments to take advantage of lower bulk costs.
Full truckload (FTL) - ANSWER When the load from one customer fills up the whole truck.
Grounding - ANSWER A special form of bonding in which conductive equipment is connected to an earthing electrode or to the building grounding system in order to prevent sparking between conductive equipment and grounded structures.
Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) - ANSWER Also known as the Right-to-Know law. HAZCOM is based on the idea that every worker has the right to know the dangers of the materials they are exposed to at work. The law requires employers to tell employees about the dangers of hazmats and what they can do to protect themselves— before they begin working.
Hazardous material (hazmat) - ANSWER Hazardous material defined by environmental laws and legal precedents. A product has been defined as hazardous by regulations that impose stiff fines if the regulations are ignored.
Hazmat employee - ANSWER Any worker who directly affects the safe transportation of hazardous materials.
High density storage - ANSWER Storage system which allows pallets to be stored more than one unit deep or high.
Import quota - ANSWER A limit on the quantity of a good that can be produced abroad and sold domestically.
Inventory turnover - ANSWER The number of times that an inventory cycles, or "turns over," during the year. A frequently used method to compute inventory turnover is to divide the average inventory level into the annual cost of sales.
Item - ANSWER Any unique manufactured or purchased part, material, intermediate, subassembly, or product.
Kitting - ANSWER The process through which individual items are grouped or packaged to create a single shipment.
Less than truckload (LTL) - ANSWER Either a small shipment that does not fill the truck or a shipment of not enough weight to qualify for a truckload quantity (usually set at about 10,000 lbs) rate discount, offered to a general commodity trucker.
Material requirements planning (MRP) - ANSWER A set of techniques that uses bill of material data, inventory data, and the master production schedule to calculate requirements for materials. It makes recommendations to release replenishment orders for material.
Order - ANSWER A general term that may refer to such diverse items as a purchase order, shop order, customer order, planned order, or schedule.
Order processing - ANSWER The activity required to administratively process a customer's order and make it ready for shipment or production.
Oxidizer - ANSWER A substance that oxidizes another substance, especially one that supports the combustion of fuel; an oxidizing agent.
Packaging - ANSWER The process of using materials to contain and protect a product during handling, storage and shipping.
Placard - ANSWER A poster or sign that measures 10 ¾ x 10 ¾ inches placed on the outside of a container or vehicle to warn that a hazmat is inside the vehicle or container.
Placarding - ANSWER Use of a poster or sign that measures 10 ¾ x 10 ¾ inches placed on the outside of a container or vehicle to warn that a hazmat is inside the vehicle or container.
Private carriers - ANSWER A group that provides transportation exclusively within an organization.
Push-back rack - ANSWER High-density storage system which can hold several units deep on slightly inclined rails. As a unit is removed from the front, the incline causes units behind it to move forward into the front location.
Raw material stock - ANSWER Purchased items or extracted materials that are converted via the manufacturing process into components and products.
Receiving - ANSWER The function encompassing the physical receipt of material, the inspection of the shipment for conformance with the purchase order (quantity and damage), the identification and delivery to destination, and the preparation of receiving reports.
Reportable Quantity (RQ) - ANSWER The minimum quantity of a hazardous substance which, if released, is required to be reported.
Reverse logistics - ANSWER A complete supply chain dedicated to the reverse flow of products and materials for the purpose of returns, repair, remanufacture and/or recycling.
Shipping manifest - ANSWER A document that lists the pieces in a shipment. It usually list the items, piece count, total weight, and the destination name and address for each destination in the load.
Shipping order - ANSWER A document which specifies the products to be shipped, customer information and the mode of transport.
Staging Area - ANSWER Location in a facility where materials are organized. Newly received items can be staged before being placed in a final storage destination or into another container for transport. Inventory items may also be staged before being organized into orders for container loading.
Staging - ANSWER Pulling material for an order from inventory before the material is required. This action is often taken to identify shortages, but it can lead to increased problems in availability and inventory accuracy.
Stock keeping unit (SKU) - ANSWER An inventory item. For example, a shirt in six colors and five sizes would represent 30 different SKUs.
Tariff - ANSWER An official schedule of taxes and fees imposed by a country on imports or exports and/or a tax.
Unitization - ANSWER In warehousing, the consolidation of several units into larger units for fewer handlings.
Variable costs - ANSWER An operating cost that varies directly with a change of one unit in the production volume (e.g. direct materials consumed, sales commissions).
Vertical lift module (VLM) - ANSWER Automated storage and retrieval system that moves units or items between levels in a facility.
Warehouse management system (WMS) - ANSWER A system that manages all processes that a warehouse carries out. These processes include receiving, picking, and shipping.
Work-in-process (WIP) - ANSWER A good or goods in various stages of completion throughout the plant, including all material from raw material that has been released for initial processing up to completely processed material awaiting final inspection and acceptance as finished goods inventory. Many accounting systems also include the value of semi-finished stock and components in this category.
Yard - ANSWER The outdoor area around a dock; can refer to a shipping yard; rail yard or truck yard.
Zone pick - ANSWER A method of subdividing a picking list by areas within a storeroom for more efficient and rapid order picking. A zone-picked order must be grouped to a single location before delivery or must be delivered to different locations, such as work centers.
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