which class of abx is known for causing permanent SNHL? - ANSWER aminoglycosides (esp. gentamicin)
which antibiotic can cause transient (not permanent) vestibular dysfunction (SNHL)? - ANSWER minocycline
which anti
...
which class of abx is known for causing permanent SNHL? - ANSWER aminoglycosides (esp. gentamicin)
which antibiotic can cause transient (not permanent) vestibular dysfunction (SNHL)? - ANSWER minocycline
which antimicrobial is the most nephrotoxic? - ANSWER amphotericin B
which class of abx can cause acute tubular necrosis (ATN)? - ANSWER aminoglycosides (esp. gentamicin)
which antibiotic is known for causing a disulfuram-like reaction? - ANSWER metronidazole (drinking a beer on the metro (subway))
which antibiotic causes Red Man Syndrome? - ANSWER Vancomycin (Van the Red Man)
which abx causes Red Lobster Syndrome? - ANSWER rifampin (Rifampin the Red lobster)
which class of abx causes teeth discoloration and is contraindicated in children <8yo? - ANSWER tetracylines
which class of abx causes Yellow Babies by displacing bilirubin? - ANSWER sulfonamides (Bactrim/Septra)
which abx is most commonly associated with C. Diff? - ANSWER clindamycin
which abx is associated with a diffuse, maculopapular, nonurticarial rash when given to someone with EBV? - ANSWER ampicillin
metronidazole is pregnancy category B, except when? - ANSWER first trimester...fetotoxic
which class of abx are associated with tendon ruptures, esp Achilles tendon? - ANSWER flouroquinolones
which class of abx are very similar to penicillins with regard to mechanism of action and allergic reactions? - ANSWER cephalosporins
if someone gets a rash from penicillin, you wouldn't give them a penicillin, but you could potentially give what class? - ANSWER cephalosporin
if someone has an anaphylactic reaction to PCN, you wouldn't give a PCN or what other class? - ANSWER cephalosporin
what is the MOA of PCN? - ANSWER inhibits cell wall synthesis
what are the 2 main organisms treated with PCN in primary care? - ANSWER s. pyogenes (group A strep) and t. pallidum (syphilis)
what are the anti-staph penicillins? - ANSWER nafcillin (IV) and dicloxacillin (PO)
Naf rhymes with staph. He had a staph infxn on his DICk
which oral antibiotic would you use for a skin abscess in which s. aureus is the suspected organism? - ANSWER dicloxacillin
which abx would you use to treat Lyme Disease in a child under 8 y/o? - ANSWER amoxicillin
which abx would you use for endocarditis prophylaxis prior to a dental procedure? - ANSWER amoxicillin
which abx would you use as prophylaxis or to treat an animal or human bite? - ANSWER amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin)
if you treated a sinus infection or otitis media with amoxicillin and the patient did not get better, which abx would you use next? - ANSWER amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin)
what is the MOA of cephalosporins? - ANSWER inhibit cell wall synthesis
what are the most common 1st generation cephalosporins? - ANSWER cefazolin (IV) and cephalexin (PO)
which antibiotic would you use for perioperative prophylaxis? - ANSWER cefazolin (ancef)
which generation are the "respiratory" cephalosporins? - ANSWER 2nd generation
what are the 2nd generation "respiratory" cephalosporins? - ANSWER cefuroxime
what are the oral 3rd generation cephalosporins? - ANSWER cefpodoxime (vantin) and cefdinir (omnicef)
what are the 2nd generation cephalosporins typically used for? - ANSWER URTIs and soft tissue infections
what are the oral 3rd gen cephalosporins used for? - ANSWER URTIs and soft tissue infections (similar indications as 2nd gen)
As generations of abx increase what happens to coverage? - ANSWER you lose gram pos coverage and gain gram neg coverage
what is the parenteral/injectable 3rd gen cephalosporin? - ANSWER ceftriaxone
what is the DOC for gonorrhea? - ANSWER ceftriaxone
which cephalosporin is used for meningitis? - ANSWER ceftriaxone
what are the 4th generation cephalosporins? - ANSWER ceftazidime and cefepime
what is the 5th generation cephalosporin? - ANSWER ceftaroline
what is the only cephalosporin with MRSA coverage? - ANSWER ceftaroline
what can be done to limit the risk of Red Man Syndrome when giving vancomycin? - ANSWER infuse over 60 minutes
what is the treatment for mild c. diff? - ANSWER metronidazole
what is the treatment of mod-severe c. diff? - ANSWER vancomycin
what is the MOA of tetracyclines? - ANSWER inhibits the 30S bacterial ribosome
what is the DOC for tick-borne diseases in children over 8 y/o? - ANSWER Doxycycline
What is the MOA of macrolide abx? - ANSWER inhibits the 50S bacterial ribosome
what is a major consideration when prescribing a macrolide? - ANSWER QTc prolongation
what are the macrolide abx? - ANSWER azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin
what is the MOA of lincosamide abx? - ANSWER inhibits the 50S bacterial ribosome
what is the lincosamide abx? - ANSWER Clindamycin
when would you use clindamycin for strep throat or a skin/soft tissue infection? - ANSWER serious PCN allergy
what is the MOA of the aminoglycoside abx class? - ANSWER inhibits the 30S bacterial ribosome
what are the major ADRs of aminoglycosides? - ANSWER ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
what are the aminoglycoside abx? - ANSWER gentamicin and tobramycin
what antibiotic would you use to treat chlamydia (non-gonoccocal urethritis/cervicitis)? - ANSWER azithromycin
what is the MOA of the flouroquinolones? - ANSWER inhibit bacterial DNA topoisomerases
what 2 drug interactions should you be careful of with flouroquinolones? - ANSWER QTc prolongers and multivalent cation drugs (decreased absorption)
what are the major SE of flouroquinolones? - ANSWER arthropathy and tendonopathy
flouroquinolones are contraindicated in what population? - ANSWER kids under 18
what is the non-respiratory flouroquinolone? - ANSWER ciprofloxacin
what is the main use of ciprofloxacin? - ANSWER abdominopelvic infections
what are the respiratory flouroquinolones? - ANSWER levofloxacin and moxifloxacin
what is the main use for respiratory flouroquinolones? - ANSWER upper and lower URIs
what is the MOA of trimethoprim & sulfamethoxazole? - ANSWER inhibits folate synthesis
be careful of Bactrim/septra in people taking what medication? - ANSWER warfarin (get an INR)
patients with sulfa allergies should not get what abx? - ANSWER trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
what is the treatment of PCP pneumonia? - ANSWER trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
which abx can cause hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficient patients? - ANSWER trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
what is the MOA of nitroimidazole abx? - ANSWER DNA damage
what is the nitroimidazole abx? - ANSWER metronidazole
what are the major ADRs of metronidazole? - ANSWER metallic taste at high doses, disulfiram-like reactions, fetotoxic in first trimester (cat B after that)
what is a good abx for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm? - ANSWER metronidazole
What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis? - ANSWER metronidazole
what is the treatment for trichomoniasis? - ANSWER metronidazole
what is the treatment for giardiasis? - ANSWER metronidazole
what is the treatment for mild C. Diff infections? - ANSWER metronidazole
what are the drugs used to treat active TB? - ANSWER Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol (RIPE)
which drug can turn bodily fluids orange/red? - ANSWER rifampin
which drug can cause red-green color blindness? and what is the actual cause of the blindness? - ANSWER ethambutol; optic neuritis
what is the DOC for latent TB? how long do pts take it? - ANSWER Isoniazid; 9 months
what are the anti-herpetic antivirals? - ANSWER acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
what 2 drugs are used only for influenza A prophylaxis and treatment? - ANSWER Amantadine and Rimantadine
what 2 drugs are used for influenza A and B prophylaxis and treatment? - ANSWER Oseltamivir and Zanamavir
anti-flu drugs are only useful if taken within how long? - ANSWER 48 hours
the anti-influenza medication Zanamavir is associated with what side effect? - ANSWER bronchospasm
which antifungal is used for deep fungal infections (Cryptococcus, blastomycosis, etc)? - ANSWER amphotericin B
which antifungal medication would you give a child with oral candidiasis (thrush)? - ANSWER nystatin S&S (swish and swallow)
which antifungal medication would you give an adult with oral candidiasis? - ANSWER fluconazole
which antifungal medication is used to treat vaginal or esophageal candidiasis? - ANSWER fluconazole
what is a topical anti-fungal commonly used to treat vaginal candida infections? - ANSWER miconazole (monistat)
what is the generic name for Lamisil? - ANSWER terbinafine
terbinafine is typically used to treat what? - ANSWER onychomycosis and cutaneous dermatophyte infections
when prescribing oral terbinafine, what labs would you order and when? - ANSWER terbinafine is hepatotoxic. order baseline LFTs and then periodically while taking the med
what is the gold standard oral anti-MSSA drug? - ANSWER dicloxacillin
what is the silver standard (2nd line) oral anti-MSSA drug? - ANSWER cephalexin (Keflex)
what are the 2 most common anti-pseudomonal abx? - ANSWER ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin
what 2 drugs are considered the gold standard anti-aerobic abx? - ANSWER metronidazole or augmentin
what is the silver standard (2nd line) anti-aerobic abx? - ANSWER clindamycin
what is the gold standard IV anti-MSSA abx? - ANSWER nafcillin (naf rhymes with staph)
what is the silver standard (2nd line) IV anti-MSSA abx? - ANSWER cefazolin (ancef); which is a 1st gen cephalosporin and is used in perioperative prophylaxis
what is the bronze standard (3rd line) IV anti-MSSA abx? - ANSWER vancomycin
what are the 3 best oral abx for MRSA infections? - ANSWER linezolid (Zyvox), Doxy, TMP-SMX
what is the gold standard IV MRSA drug? - ANSWER vancomycin
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