Colluvium is an example of a parent material moved by _____.
Select one:
a. Gravity
b. Ice
c. Wind
d. Water - ANSWER a. Gravity
The _____ horizon not found in the profile of entisols.
Select one:
a. A
b. B
...
Colluvium is an example of a parent material moved by _____.
Select one:
a. Gravity
b. Ice
c. Wind
d. Water - ANSWER a. Gravity
The _____ horizon not found in the profile of entisols.
Select one:
a. A
b. B
c. C - ANSWER b. B
The B horizon is the zone where you would expect maximum elluviation.
Select one:
True
False - ANSWER False
Which of the following soils has a Bh horizon?
Select one:
a. Loamy, mixed, dysic, thermic Terric Haplosaprists
b. Sandy, Siliceous, Thermic Aeric Alaquods
c. Coarse-loamy, Mixed, Superactive, Nonacid, Thermic Typic Sulfaquents
d. Coarse-loamy, Siliceous, Active, Acid, Thermic Cumulic Humaquepts - ANSWER b. Sandy, Siliceous, Thermic Aeric Alaquods
Why is water important in the processes of soil formation?
Select one:
a. It is essential for the dissolution of primary minerals
b. It is responsible for the eluviation of material the leads to profile differentiation
c. It is necessary to support the biotic activity that leads to soil development.
d. All of the statements are correct.
e. None of the statements are correct. - ANSWER d. All of the statements are correct.
Physical weathering _____.
Select one:
a. is the result of water mixing with the carbon dioxide respired by plants and microorganisms
b. increases the surface area of soil minerals b. increases the surface area of soil minerals
c. is the same as chemical weathering
d. releases essential plant nutrients - ANSWER b. increases the surface area of soil minerals b. increases the surface area of soil minerals
The C horizons are generally more completely weathered than the other horizons.
Select one:
True
False - ANSWER False
Which of the following pH values represents a basic condition?
Select one:
a. 5.0
b. 10.0
c. 6.0
d. 7.0
e. 1.0 - ANSWER b. 10.0
Select the appropriate soil order: The most highly weathered soils. Anything that can weather, has weathered, leaving large accumulations of iron and aluminium and virtually no primary minerals.
Select one:
a. Inceptisols
b. Ultisols
c. Alfisols
d. Oxisols - ANSWER d. Oxisols
Erosion is an example of which of the four soil forming processes? _____.
Select one:
a. Additions
b. Losses
c. Transformations
d. Translocations - ANSWER b. Losses
Soils from which order would exhibit properties dominated by chemical weathering of minerals?
Select one:
a. Aridisol
b. Alfisol
c. Gelisol
d. Histosol - ANSWER b. Alfisol
A soil developed in transported parent materials will likely have properties related to the properties of the rock below the C horizon.
Select one:
True
False - ANSWER False
A cryept would be typical of Death Valley, California.
Select one:
a. True
b. False, made true by changing cryept to cryent
c. False, made true by changing cryept to aquept
d. None of the answers are correct. - ANSWER d. None of the answers are correct.
Forests would typically have more organic accumulation than grasslands.
Select one:
True
False - ANSWER False
Grass vegetation affects soil development in ways that will leave the soil _____ than soils under forest vegetation.
Select one:
a. darker and more acid
b. darker and less acid
c. lighter and less acid
d. lighter and more acid - ANSWER b. darker and less acid
Which of the following is considered to be a plant micronutrient?
Select one:
a. B
b. P
c. S
d. Ca
e. N - ANSWER a. B
The lithosphere is made up of
Select one:
a. plants and animals
b. water
c. rock
d. air - ANSWER c. rock
The agent responsible for depositing lacustrine parent material is
Select one:
a. wind
b. humans
c. water
d. gravity - ANSWER c. water
The end result of intensive weathering is the accumulation of _____.
Select one:
a. Procrastinates
b. Eluvinates
c. Silicates
d. Carbonates
e. Iron and aluminum oxides - ANSWER e. Iron and aluminum oxides
Which horizon of a mature soil profile would you expect to find light colored and leached of clay?
Select one:
a. E
b. B
c. A
d. C
e. O - ANSWER a. E
Which of these diagnostic horizons is not an epipedon?
Select one:
a. Argillic
b. Umbric
c. Histic
d. Ochric - ANSWER a. Argillic
Which of the following term/horizon combinations describes the zone of maximum clay accumulation in soils of humid regions?
Select one:
a. Illuvial, A horizon
b. Eluvial, B horizon
c. Eluvial, A horizon
d. Illuvial, B horizon
e. Illuvial, E horizon - ANSWER d. Illuvial, B horizon
Which is not included in the epipedon?
Select one:
a. R horizon
b. A horizon
c. part of the B horizon (if significantly darkened by organic matter)
d. E horizon - ANSWER a. R horizon
Which soil is the least developed (younger) soil?
Select one:
a. Foothills of the Sierra Nevadas mountains
b. An African tropical rainforest
c. A very dry desert
d. Swales and depressions with drainage - ANSWER c. A very dry desert
Which soil profile horizon is the last to form?
Select one:
a. B
b. C
c. E
d. A - ANSWER c. E
Loess is an example of a parent material moved by _____.
Select one:
a. Water
b. Gravity
c. Ice
d. Wind - ANSWER d. Wind
The hydrosphere is made up of
Select one:
a. rock
b. air
c. plants and animals
d. water - ANSWER d. water
Soil occupies the _____ part of the regolith.
Select one:
a. lower
b. bottom
c. middle
d. upper - ANSWER d. upper
Effective precipitation is a measure of the amount of water that flows into and through the soil profile.
Select one:
True
False - ANSWER True
While many organisms depend on the soil for nutrients and water, only a few very specialized organisms live in the soil itself.
Select one:
True
False - ANSWER False
In a typical mineral soil in optimal condition for plant growth, approximately what percentage of the pore space would be filled with water and what percentage filled with air?
Select one:
a. 25% water and 75% air
b. 10% water and 90% air
c. 50% water and 50% air
d. 25% water and 25% air
e. 90% water and 10% air - ANSWER c. 50% water and 50% air
Which of these properties should be used when describing members of the soil order Spodosol?
Select one:
a. High in weatherable minerals
b. A "young" soil
c. B horizon missing
d. Strongly expressed E horizon - ANSWER d. Strongly expressed E horizon
Which of the following has a cambic diagnostic horizon (Bw)?
Select one:
a. Loamy, mixed, dysic, thermic Terric Haplosaprists
b. Sandy, Siliceous, Thermic Aeric Alaquods
c. Coarse-loamy, Siliceous, Active, Acid, Thermic Cumulic Humaquepts
d. Coarse-loamy, Mixed, Superactive, Nonacid, Thermic Typic Sulfaquents - ANSWER c. Coarse-loamy, Siliceous, Active, Acid, Thermic Cumulic Humaquepts
Parent material is generally equivalent to which soil horizon?
Select one:
a. A
b. C
c. O
d. B - ANSWER b. C
The _____ are Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.
Select one:
a. forms of minerals
b. types of rocks
c. basic classes of soils
d. processes of weathering
e. master horizon names - ANSWER b. types of rocks
A / An _____ horizon is generally the first to form in immature soil parent materials.
Select one:
a. Bw
b. Bt
c. BC
d. A - ANSWER d. A
Select the appropriate soil order: Mineral soils with thick-dark surface horizons that typically form under prairie conditions.
Select one:
a. Mollisols
b. Andisols
c. Histosols
d. Spodosols - ANSWER a. Mollisols
Select the appropriate subordinate horizon designation: A disturbance of the surface layer by mechanical means, pasturing, or similar uses.
Select one:
a. w
b. p
c. g
d. t
e. h - ANSWER b. p
By definition, Bt horizons are formed when _____ accumulates below the surface of the soil.
Select one:
a. silt
b. talc
c. sand
d. clay - ANSWER d. clay
Which property would NOT be found in a soil profile containing the other three?
Select one:
a. A "young" soil
b. High in iron and aluminum oxide
c. B horizon missing
d. High in weatherable minerals - ANSWER b. High in iron and aluminum oxide
The deep, wind-deposited, silt-sized material near Kansas City represents which type of parent material?
Select one:
a. Alluvium
b. Lacustrine
c. Loess
d. Till - ANSWER c. Loess
Alluvium typically results in well developed soil.
Select one:
True
False - ANSWER False
The suborder for a wet volcanic soil might be:
Select one:
a. Volaqua
b. Aquand
c. Humivol
d. Xerid - ANSWER b. Aquand
The greatest chemical weathering occurs on soils located in what climate?
Select one:
a. cool & moist
b. hot & dry
c. hot & moist
d. cool & dry - ANSWER c. hot & moist
Conceptually, a soil might progress in development through which list of soil orders?
Select one:
a. Alfisol, Ultisol, Inceptisol
b. Alfisol, Spodosol, Mollisol
c. Entisol, Ultisol, Alfisol
d. Mollisol, Ultisol, Oxisol - ANSWER d. Mollisol, Ultisol, Oxisol
Examples genetic horizons include kandic, spodic, ochric, mollic and oxic.
Select one:
True
False - ANSWER False
Which of these orders would have soil properties dominated by physical weathering processes?
Select one:
a. Mollisol
b. Spodosol
c. Aridisol
d. Entisol - ANSWER c. Aridisol
Select the appropriate soil order: Highly weathered soils developed under forests in the humid areas. A true B horizon is present. The subsoil has a base saturation below 35%.
Select one:
a. Alfisols
b. Ultisols
c. Inceptisols
d. Oxisols - ANSWER b. Ultisols
Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma cools and solidifies.
Select one:
True
False - ANSWER True
Which soil order lacks in development of a diagnostic subsurface horizon, is found in all climates, and under almost any vegetation.
Select one:
a. Entisol
b. Inceptisol
c. Oxisol
d. Alfisol - ANSWER a. Entisol
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