ALAT EXAM 2022/2023 Questions and Answers

Name three types of institutions where an ALAT could work - ANSWER public health organizations, research and teaching institutions, pharmaceutical and biological product companies List the three levels of AALAS Techni ...

Name three types of institutions where an ALAT could work - ANSWER public health organizations, research and teaching institutions, pharmaceutical and biological product companies List the three levels of AALAS Technician Certification - ANSWER Assistant Laboratory Animal Technician, Laboratory Animal Technician, Laboratory Animal Technologist Other than the ALAT Manual, name the publications you must read and study to prepare for the exam - ANSWER The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals What organization was formed in 1950 by Dr. Nathan Brewer and other veterinarians? - ANSWER Animal Care Panel In 1967, the Animal Care Panel (ACP) changed its name to this - ANSWER American Association for Laboratory Animal Science List the two journals that are published by AALAS - ANSWER JAALAS ( Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science) Comparative Medicine How do laboratory animal and research professional who are members of AALAS view the use of animals in research? - ANSWER As a privilege What are two ways in which groups who oppose using animals in research express their opinions? - ANSWER distribute pamphlets, lead protest demonstrations List five duties that are typically assigned to ALATs - ANSWER cage cleaning, feed and watering, environmental and animal monitoring, record maintenance, room sanitation, public area maintenance, special assignments Role of PI - ANSWER Plans and coordinates all phases of the research work and prepares the protocol Role of Research Tech - ANSWER Performs research tasks required by the protocol and analyzes the data Role of Lab Animal Vet - ANSWER Coordinates animal care and advises investigators on proper animal use Role of Lab Animal Tech - ANSWER Performs many animal care functions and monitors environmental factors Purpose of Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals - ANSWER Primary source of the standards and guidelines for laboratory animal care and use in the US Purpose of Animal use protocol - ANSWER A document written by the PI and approved by that IACUC that describes and justifies the use of animals for a project Purpose of PHS policy - ANSWER Federal mandate that covers all live vertebrates used or intended for use in research, research training, experimentation, biological testing, or for related purposes Purpose of good laboratory practices - ANSWER Regulations developed by the FDA and the EPA to validate and document the process of safety testing Purpose of standard operating procedure - ANSWER Written instructions approved by management and used to perform a routine activity According to the Animal Welfare Act, list the three types of members who must sit on the IACUC - ANSWER the chair, a vet, a non-affiliated member List five components of an animal care and use program for which the Guide describes standards - ANSWER personnel qualifications and training, occupational health and safety, vet care, animal environment, animal procurement and transportation, surgical and post surgical care alleviation of pain and distress, euthanasia, physical plant design and construction Which of the following animals used in laboratory animal research would be covered by the Animal Welfare Act - ANSWER Guinea pigs, rabbits, hamsters, ferrets, wild mice, horses, gerbils, goats, sheep The chapter lists some of the requirements in the Animal Welfare Act and the Animal Welfare Regulations if covered species are used. List five requirements - ANSWER register with the USDA, appoint IACUC, provide training for animal users, maintain animal records, provide adequate vet care The appropriate use of analgesics in postsurgical animals would apply to which of the 3 Rs principles? - ANSWER Refinement According to the Guide and PHS Policy, what document must institutions comply with when animals are euthanized? - ANSWER AVMA Guidelines for Euthanasia List two common alternatives to using animals for research studies - ANSWER Cell cultures, mathematical models Beyond food, water, shelter, and healthcare requirements, the AWA and AWRs require that dogs have the opportunity for ______ and NHPS have ______ enrichment - ANSWER exercise; psychological List three differences between the PHS Policy and the Animal Welfare act - ANSWER PHS policy covers all vertebrates used in research, PHS policy has some administrative differences in its IACUC requirements, PHS policy requires an Occ Health and Safety program Function of the IACUC - ANSWER An institutional body that oversees and evaluates an animal care and use program Function of Quality Assurance Unit - ANSWER An institution unit that ensures compliance with the GLP Function of Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service - ANSWER The body that administers and enforces the Animal Welfare Regulations Function of Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International - ANSWER A nonprofit organization that accredits laboratory animal research programs Function of Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare - ANSWER The body that administers and enforces the PHS policy Using 100 mice in a research study instead of 150 would be an example of which of the 3 Rs? - ANSWER Reduction Some institutions may have to comply with PHS Policy but not animal welfare act. What are the factors that help determine which regulations are relevant to a particular research study - ANSWER The species of animals used the funding sources Purpose of disaster plan - ANSWER Provides steps for disaster preparedness and response Purpose of emergency contact list - ANSWER Identifies whom to call if an emergency occurs Purpose of disaster drill - ANSWER Measures the effectiveness of institution-wide emergency systems Purpose of post-incident discussion - ANSWER Identifies ways to improve the disaster plan and emergency procedures Purpose of security plan - ANSWER Describes ways to prevent and address security breaches List two ways to maintain security when visitors come to the facility - ANSWER Don't admit anyone unless authorized; contact supervisor if someone approaches you and tell them immediately List three steps to prevent security breaches - ANSWER never prop open any doors leading to the outside; do not let people "piggyback"; display badge; don't let anyone borrow your badge What type of device identifies individuals using distinct characteristics such as fingerprints or eye structure - ANSWER Biometric scanners If you are present in the facility when a major disaster or accident occurs, your actions will be very important. What should be your first priority? - ANSWER Protect human life by calling out to others and evacuating if necessary, call the appropriate first responders, call your supervisor or other senior staff What document should be posted throughout the facility, and is consulted and used when there is an emergency - ANSWER Contact list List four questions you should be ready to answer when you report a disaster or incident at your facility - ANSWER Where did the incident occur; which areas are affected; is there a power loss; is everybody accounted for What is the goal of an occupational health and safety program? - ANSWER To minimize the risk of occupational injuries for all employees Name the federal agency that enforces rules and standards for workplace safety - ANSWER Occupational Safety and Health Administration Should a pregnant employee be assigned to work with cats? - ANSWER No, cats carry the microbes that cause toxoplasmosis, which can harm the fetus List three things that determine the type of PPE needed when working in the facility - ANSWER animal species, the hazards present, the potential for exposure to infectious or chemical agents List three important factors for personal protection against radiation - ANSWER time, shielding, distance Virus carried by Old World macaque monkeys - ANSWER B virus Disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans - ANSWER Zoonoses Emission of energy rays through the air and other matter - ANSWER Radioactivity Parasite that can be transmitted through cat feces - ANSWER Toxoplasma gondii A unit that measures loudness - ANSWER decibel Provides information on toxicity and potential side effects, and describes recommended treatment for exposures - ANSWER Material safety data sheets Designing a workplace to minimize fatigue, discomfort or injury - ANSWER Ergonomics Respirator mask that protects against airborne particles - ANSWER N95 Hazard of assisting the PI with obtaining x-rays of mice - ANSWER Radiation exposure Hazard of using descaler to clean dropoing pans - ANSWER Burns from chemicals Hazard of feeding barking dogs - ANSWER Hearing problems Hazard of cleaning instruments after injections or surgery have been performed - ANSWER cuts or punctures hazards of opening an autoclave to remove instruments - ANSWER burns from steam hazards of changing cages on a daily basis - ANSWER repetitive motion injury disease carried by NHP - ANSWER B virus disease carried by sheep - ANSWER Q-fever disease carried by cats - ANSWER toxoplasmosis disease carried by macaque monkey - ANSWER tuberculosis What is the first step to take if a dog bites your hand and the skin is broken - ANSWER Get first aid for the injury What helps to ensure that the data collected are nit influenced by factors related to animal management - ANSWER consistency To whom is the Animal Welfare Assurance of Compliance submitted? - ANSWER Office of laboratory animal welfare Who administers the Animal Welfare Regulations - ANSWER Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) How often must IACUC perform inspections of the facility - ANSWER every 2 years records of the USDA inspection are available to the public under a provision of which federal law - ANSWER Freedom of information act Which statement is true regarding the facilitys disaster plan - ANSWER hallways and other walkways should be kept clear and free of equipment in case of an emergency Which situation would not be necessary to report to your supervisor - ANSWER A new employee working on another project asking about your work Above what level is noise considered a hazard to your hearing - ANSWER 85 decibels List the three most common types of cage washers used in today's animal facilities - ANSWER tunnel washer, rack washer, cabinet washer How does a RODAC plate test the effectiveness of a sanitization program? - ANSWER It can be inoculated with a sample taken from the environment and incubated. Then, any growth of microorganisms can be observed List two reasons that automatic watering systems are often used to provide drinking water for laboratory animals - ANSWER to provide filter system for the water, eliminate ergonomic hazards of handling water bottles, eliminate the labor of washing and sanitize the water bottles What features of a biological safety cabinet protect the animals inside - ANSWER A HEPA filter, or HEPA-filtered air blown into the cabinet How does a biological safety cabinet protect the people using it from any pathogens or allergens the animals inside of it may have - ANSWER The air within the cabinet does not exit through the front opening; the cabinet air is filtered through a HEPA filter before it is exhausted into the room What is one dangerous outcome of autoclaving a liquid bottle that it tightly sealed and filled to the top - ANSWER The liquid could expand and cause the container to explode What three characteristics of material affect autoclave time - ANSWER type of material, size of material, level of contamination of the material Methods used to check effectiveness of autoclave cycle - ANSWER Chemical-autoclave tape, integrator strips, and indicator bags Biological- spore strips Mechanical- checking gauges on the autoclave