Pediatrics Final Exam 2022 with Complete Solution

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Which of the following grasp patterns is used when holding a key - ANSWER Lateral Pinch When evaluating a 2 year old for the ability to adjust an object within his hand, the following skill is bein... g assessed - ANSWER In hand manipulation Identify which factor(s) contribute to the development of hand function - ANSWER All of the above (Visual perception and cognition, Musculoskeletal integrity, somatosensory functions) Noah loves to play with play doh. You notice a new grasp pattern which is allowing him to cut his play doh with a play knife using the ulnar side of his hand! He is now showing the following grasp pattern: - ANSWER Power grasp Grasping patterns change dramatically in the first 2 years of life. These patterns enable exploratory learning, perceptual learning, and skills achievement such that the 2-year-old is proficient in prehending and manipulating a variety of objects of different sizes. The developmental sequence of grasping patterns is - ANSWER Palmar grasp, radial palmar, radial digital, pincer grasp At 18-24 months of age, Lauren should be able to show the following skill: - ANSWER Imitate horizontal, vertical, and circular marks When conducting a whole class fine motor warm up activity the students are instructed to use their dominant hand to move their pencil from the tip end of the pencil to the eraser end several times. Which in-hand manipulation skill are they demonstrating? - ANSWER Shift At what age do children demonstrate adult speed in writing - ANSWER Ninth grade The preschool child is observed playing in the dress up center trying to button up the smock she was putting on. Which of the following grasps is she demonstrating? - ANSWER Pincer grasp What is the sequence of hand function development in infants and children - ANSWER Ulnar, palmar, radial grasp At what age does the average child copy a triangle and print their own name - ANSWER 5-6 years What are the advantages of cursive writing - ANSWER It allows for faster and more automatic writing When conducting a whole class fine motor warm up activity the students are instructed to use their dominant hand to move their pencil from the tip end of the pencil to the eraser end several times. Which in-hand manipulation skill are they demonstrating? - ANSWER Shift Two children are playing together in the sandbox. One of them picks up the bucket and carries it by the handle to bring over to his friend. Which grasp is he using to carry the bucket? - ANSWER Hook Grasp Lauren just turned 18 months old and is finally being discharged from EI. She now shows age appropriate growth and development in her fine and gross motor skills with good early intervention therapy. She is now showing good in hand manipulation skills for her age. What should her grasp on a crayon look like for her age? - ANSWER Palmar-supinate grasp-crayon held with fisted hand, wrist slightly flexed and slightly supinated forearm, arm moves as a unit Erica is eating her cheerios and hides a cheerio in the palm of her hand. Which in-hand manipulation did Erica use? - ANSWER Translation At what age do children typically scribble on paper - ANSWER 10-12 months What is the optimal position for upper extremities for successful scissor use - ANSWER Wrist in extension, forearm in midposition, thumb holding paper pointed up, thumb holding scissors pointed up, radial fingers used to open/close scissors, ulnar fingers remain flexed and still Which grasp patterns do not require thumb opposition - ANSWER Lateral pinch, Hook grasp, Power grasp A teacher in the toddler (18-24 months) classroom of a local daycare center asked you, the occupational therapy consultant, for advice on cutting activities for one of her centers. What do you recommend? - ANSWER Rolling out green "snakes" with play doh and snipping the rolls into small pieces with scissors Which system detects head position and movement as well as gravity and pertains to the inner ear receptors, the semicircular canals, and the otolith organs? - ANSWER Vestibular The chapter about sensory integration in the Kramer & Hinojsa, 2010, text identifies the theory of sensory integration combines concepts from which field(s)? - ANSWER All of the above (Neuroscience, psychology, OT) Which type of sensory input can be both calming and alerting depending upon what the body needs and includes the use of "heavy work" activities? - ANSWER Proprioceptive You are working with a child who doesn't like the tags in his shirt, seams in his sock, and touching "messy media" such as finger paints and shaving cream. He is MOST LIKELY exhibiting which of the following? - ANSWER Hypersensitivity for tactile input Which system detects head position and movement as well as gravity and pertains to the inner ear receptors, the semicircular canals, and the otolith organs? - ANSWER Vestibular How did Ayers view sensory input - ANSWER Nourishment for the brain The Kramer & Hinojsa (2010) text reviews the idea that sensory integration theory considers all of the sensory systems as important contributors to behavior and learning. However, sensory integration theory emphasizes which "body-related senses? - ANSWER Tactile, vestibular, and proprioception What is Ayres's definition of sensory integration - ANSWER Organization of sensation for use Which statement is NOT true concerning dyspraxia - ANSWER Somatodyspraxia is a degernative disorder Which of the following SI terms refers to a achieving an internal state of "homeostasis" or the ability to achieve the ultimate state of arousal? - ANSWER Modulation You observe 5 year old Johnny. You note that he does not like to have his hair washed, does not like to go on playground equipment, such as the see saw or swings, and seems to be very cautious in his movements. Which of the following is Johnny MOST LIKELY exhibiting? - ANSWER Gravitational Insecurity The chapter about sensory integration in the text by Kramer & Hinojosa outlines the 10 basic postulates (beliefs or principles) in the evolving theoretical base of sensory integration. Each postulate supports the theoretical base which states that it is critical the therapist promotes growth and development toward the outcomes of the sensory integration process. Which of the following principles are defined in the chapter? - ANSWER All of the above (An optimal state of arousal is a prerequisite for adaptive responses to occur, sensory integration occurs during adaptive responses, adaptive responses must be directed toward the child's current developmental level Motor planning and praxis mean the same and are used interchangeably - ANSWER False Which is the best example of an "adaptive response" - ANSWER Ability to hold on and pump a swing higher and longer Which of the following end product abilities of sensory integration treatment is considered the "highest level" or the "ultimate goal"? - ANSWER Successful participation across environments Lisa is an 8-year-old girl who bumps into things frequently, bears down hard on her pencil at school, and stands very close to her friends. Lisa gets in trouble in school because she is always "talking herself through" her handwriting homework. Lisa likes to play rough at home and is frequently called a bully by her younger brother. What type of dysfunction does this scenario depict? - ANSWER Poor proprioceptive awareness Mary is 9 years old and does not adjust her body position well for various school activities. She is unable to move her feet without looking at them and is frequently bumping into things. With what is she experiencing difficulty? - ANSWER Poor proprioceptive awareness Charlie is a 10-year-old boy who will eat only mashed foods, does not like noises (e.g., he gets upset when the phone rings), and has difficulty sitting during meals. Charlie's parents report that he does not like new clothes and cannot wear jeans. What type of sensory integrative problem does Charlie have? - ANSWER Sensory modulation problems Max is a 12-month-old boy who is just learning to walk. He stands for short periods, sees his favorite toy, and takes one step and falls. The therapist places the favorite toy two steps away the next time. Which term describes this concept? - ANSWER Just-right challenge Which statement reflects Ayres's theory of central nervous system (CNS) organization - ANSWER Increased efficiency at the levels of the brainstem and thalmus enhances higher-order functioning What is the least "natural environment" for therapy to take place in early intervention - ANSWER A clinic What is an IFSP - ANSWER Individualized Family Service Plan At what age should a child begin to walk well - ANSWER 12-18 months At what age does the suck-swallow reflex emerge - ANSWER 28-30 weeks gestation When does planning begin to support the transition from IFSP (part C) to IEP (Part B) - ANSWER 24 months What determines eligibility of early intervention services - ANSWER Informed clinical opinion At what age should a child begin to extend familiar actions to dolls and figures - ANSWER 18-24 months By what age should a child begin to explore objects - ANSWER 2-6 months Which behavior is not a sign of stress in premature infants - ANSWER Sucking Which of the following factors that is the top priority for premature infants in the NICU - ANSWER Sleep What service delivery model best addresses the needs of children from birth through two who have an established risk, have a developmental delay, or are considered to be environmentally or biologically at risk - ANSWER Early Intervention What is the most important childhood occupation - ANSWER Play You arrive at your next home visit and find that the baby is sleeping but the family still wants you to come in for your visit. What can you as the OT do during that time according to the types of services that can be provided? - ANSWER Provide family support and education to help facilitate the baby's development Which of the following does NOT apply when creating an outcome for an IFSP - ANSWER Discipline specific When skills are learned in a natural setting, they are more likely to be generalized in more activities and environments - ANSWER True What is the primary focus of the occupational therapist working in the pediatric hospital setting - ANSWER Child's independence with ADL's Transition services are an important part of discharge from a hospital program for the OT - ANSWER True Family-centered care is often a hallmark approach in pediatric hospitals. It is characterized by all of the following, but NOT - ANSWER Family led team meetings Assistive devices can be used to enable or enhance functional skills, and can generally be used when: - ANSWER Ensuring safety and immediate or permanent functional recovery Teamwork in hospital settings is common. Specific relationships within teams may vary based on child and family needs. What style of teamwork is most commonly employed within occupational therapy services? - ANSWER Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches What are the most common reasons for extended hospital care - ANSWER Respiratory problems Which adaptation is best to help a child who is having difficulty with cardiac functioning? - ANSWER Scheduling and pacing tasks What type of hospital serves the community's needs, both adult and pediatric - ANSWER General Hospital Evaluations by OT's in hospital settings may include a number of approaches and techniques. Select the sequence most commonly used in medical settings. - ANSWER Clinical interview, clinical observation, physical examination, standardized assessments Occupational therapists in hospital settings may be characterized as addressing which of the following? - ANSWER Low frequency but highly complex medical conditions A high school student, identified as having an anxiety disorder, struggles with the stress associated with large assignments. All of the following statements are true except: - ANSWER The occupational therapist should write an IEP Both IDEA 2004 and NCLB enable schools to help students struggling with learning or behavior before being referred to special education through the provision of which of the following? - ANSWER B and C (Early intervening services, response to intervention) You have a friend whose second grade daughter, Grace, is in the public schools. Grace's teacher says that she is having a difficult time completing written work in class. Grace's mother notes that she struggles with printing while doing her homework. On receipt of parents' written permission to evaluate, early intervening services are initiated to see if short-term occupational therapy can address the problem before determining student eligibility for special education (and an IEP). Which of the following statements reflects best practice for the involvement of occupational therapy at this point? - ANSWER The occupational therapist should interview the parents and teacher regarding their concerns about Grace's written work and other areas of school function typically addressed by occupational therapy (e.g., social skills, self-care). IDEA requires educationally relevant evaluations to be conducted by members of the IEP team. What would the occupational therapist bring to the evaluation process for a 16-year-old student who is eligible for special education and who is a quadriplegic as a result of a spinal cord injury at the age of 9? - ANSWER The student's current level of participation in available eduction activities [Show More]

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