CPH- Certified in Public Health- (Actual) Exam Graded A+

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Many people do not attempt to decrease unhealthy behaviors such as overeating or smoking because they lack the confidence that they can successfully change. This is an example of: (A) Perceived susce... ptibility (B) Perceived severity (C) Perceived self-efficacy (D) Perceived response efficacy - ANSWER C The construct of normative beliefs is from which model/theory? (A) Transtheoretical model (B) Theory of reasoned action/planned behavior (C) Social cognitive theory (D) Social ecological model - ANSWER B Which of the following do social cognitive theory and the social ecological model have in common? (A) Both take into consideration factors that are within the individual and factors that operate outside the individual. (B) Both focus primarily on environmental determinants of behavior that must be addressed at the policy level. (C) Both come out of the value expectancy paradigm that associates behaviors with valued outcomes. (D) Both originally were developed exclusively to explain unhealthy versus healthy behaviors. - ANSWER A A population of rural women experiences a high rate of mortality related to breast cancer. Researchers at a local university implement a breast cancer screening intervention. This intervention is an example of: (A) Tertiary prevention (B) Advocacy (C) Secondary prevention (D) Primary prevention - ANSWER C All intervention messages (printed, computer-delivered, or Internet-based) must: (A) Start with the most important information first (B) Include graphics, pictures, and the like to attract people's attention (C) Be written at a reading level suitable to the target population (D) Be no longer than four sentences so that the reader does not become bored - ANSWER C Franklin's Grove is the county seat of Franklin County, a small rural county in the Southeast. On the basis of its demographic and economic profile, it was selected as a health improvement zone to receive Federal funds to implement programs to improve progress toward reaching the national health objectives. Communities receiving such funds are charged with identifying the most significant gaps between the current health status and national health objectives and with putting programs in place to narrow such gaps. What is the first step to take to address the goals of the funding? (A) Consult Healthy People 2010 to identify relevant objectives (B) Convene a group of community leaders to decide how to spend the funds (C) Convene a group of community citizens to decide how to spend the funds (D) Consult an expert in community health to draw up a program plan - ANSWER A Franklin's Grove is the county seat of Franklin County, a small rural county in the Southeast. On the basis of its demographic and economic profile, it was selected as a health improvement zone to receive Federal funds to implement programs to improve progress toward reaching the national health objectives. Communities receiving such funds are charged with identifying the most significant gaps between the current health status and national health objectives and with putting programs in place to narrow such gaps. Using the PRECEDE framework, the county health department has conducted a social and health diagnosis. Some of the most severe quality-of-life problems were related to limb amputation and kidney failure. Prevalent health problems included diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Which of the following behavioral factors are most likely responsible for the above health and quality-of-life issues in Franklin 's Grove? (A) Unprotected sex, early sexual initiation, use of drugs (B) Sedentary lifestyle, high caloric consumption, low fiber intake (C) Advanced age, low levels of education, history of racism (D) Frequent tobacco, drug, and alcohol us - ANSWER B Franklin's Grove is the county seat of Franklin County, a small rural county in the Southeast. On the basis of its demographic and economic profile, it was selected as a health improvement zone to receive Federal funds to implement programs to improve progress toward reaching the national health objectives. Communities receiving such funds are charged with identifying the most significant gaps between the current health status and national health objectives and with putting programs in place to narrow such gaps. Given the factors presumed to be responsible for the major health problems in this scenario, what would be the best source for community planners to use to find data on how widespread each behavioral factor is at the state or local level? (A) Healthy People 2010 midcourse review (B) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) (C) Community Guide to Preventive Services (D) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - ANSWER B Franklin's Grove is the county seat of Franklin County, a small rural county in the Southeast. On the basis of its demographic and economic profile, it was selected as a health improvement zone to receive Federal funds to implement programs to improve progress toward reaching the national health objectives. Communities receiving such funds are charged with identifying the most significant gaps between the current health status and national health objectives and with putting programs in place to narrow such gaps. The Franklin County health program planners intend to keep close track of the number of programs and activities offered, the number of adults and children who participate in each program or activity, and all feedback given by community members about the programs and activities. These actions would most appropriately fit into which of the following evaluation categories? (A) Cost-effectiveness (B) Impact (C) Outcome (D) Process - ANSWER D Which term refers to a collective body of individuals identified by geography, common interests, concerns, characteristics, or values? (A) Community (B) Population (C) Sample (D) Group - ANSWER A Which of the following is defined as a community's ability to define and solve its own problems? (A) Social capital (B) Community development (C) Community organization (D) Community capacity - ANSWER D Biological, environmental, behavioral, organizational, political, and social factors that contribute to the health status of individuals, groups and communities are commonly referred to as: (A) Health behavior causal factors (B) Social ecology factors (C) Needs assessment factors (D) Determinants of health - ANSWER D An individual's capacity to obtain, interpret, and understand basic health information and services and the individual's competence to use such information and services in ways that advance health are called: (A) Medical informatics (B) Health literacy (C) Health education (D) Patient education - ANSWER B Which of the following terms refers to a consumer-driven application of sales and promotional techniques to the analysis (including the review of background information and formative work), planning, implementation, and evaluation of programs designed to encourage positive health behaviors within intended audiences? (A) Health communication (B) Health promotion (C) Focus group testing (D) Social marketing - ANSWER D Which of the following terms from the social cognitive theory refers to the dynamic interaction among the person, environment, and behavior? (A) Behavioral norms (B) Reciprocal determinism (C) Decisional balance (D) Bidirectional dependence - ANSWER B A community has high rates of HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs). The community council decides to legalize needle exchange programs in an effort to provide clean syringes to prevent the sharing of contaminated needles in drug-using networks. This type of program is an example of: (A) Harm reductions (B) Policy advocacy (C) Community organization (D) Behavior change - ANSWER A Theory is defined as: (A) A branch of philosophy that deals with morality (B) A tested set of hypotheses listed in order of importance (C) A systematic relationship of constructs devised to analyze, predict, and otherwise explain the nature of behavior of a specified set of phenomena (D) A verified fact that the majority does not believe to be true - ANSWER C Which of the following is not a construct from the Health Belief Model? (A) Susceptibility (B) Cues to action (C) Decisional balance (D) Barriers - ANSWER C Which of the following processes from the Transtheoretical Model refers to substituting healthy behaviors for unhealthy ones? (A) Stimulus control (B) Consciousness raising (C) Reinforcement management (D) Counter-conditioning - ANSWER D Which of the following is the best example of a process evaluation for a program designed to decrease mortality from drinking and driving among high school youth? (A) Document change in mortality associated with drinking and driving (B) Document change in numbers of youth riding with impaired drivers (C) Document about risks of riding with impaired drivers (D) Document number of students who attend the school's alcohol-free party - ANSWER D Which of the following most directly deals with the issue of internal validity in program evaluation design? (A) Having a reliable and valid measurement instrument (B) Having well-written process objective (s) (C) Having a comparison group (D) Ensuring generalizability of program effects - ANSWER C Which of the following is the best example of intrapersonal factors that affect an individual's behavior as outlined by the Social Ecological Model? (A) National laws and policies (B) Informal social networks (C) Personal knowledge or skills (D) Community partnerships - ANSWER C Which of the following is not an example of a methodology used during a social assessment? (A) Process evaluation (B) Focus groups research (C) Delphi method (D) Survey administration - ANSWER A Which of the following is not a principle/key concept in community organization and community building practice? (A) Critical consciousness and empowerment (B) Critical allocation of resources and sharing among partners (C) Principle of relevance or "start where the people are" (D) Principle of participation - ANSWER B When a person is healthy, without signs and symptoms of disease, illness, or injury, the level of prevention most appropriate would be: (A) Primary prevention (B) Secondary prevention (C) Tertiary prevention (D) No prevention level is needed - ANSWER A In the planning process, the group being served is referred to as the: (A) Pilot population (B) Key informants (C) General population (D) Priority population - ANSWER D The social marketing conceptual framework if known for its 4 P's and competition. Which of the following is not one of the 4 P's? (A) Price (B) Product (C) Population (D) Place - ANSWER C Which of the following had the greatest impact on average life expectancy? (A) Vaccinations for infectious diseases (B) Improvements in sanitation and hygiene (C) Advances in medical care technology (D) Health education - ANSWER B According to John Wennberg and colleagues, small area variations in Medicare expenditures across geographic areas are primarily attributable to differences in: (A) Physician practice styles (B) Consumer preferences for high-cost services (C) Age of the population served (D) Health status of the population served - ANSWER A Which of the following statements accurately describes the financing of health care in the United States? (A) Public health services represent approximately half of the total expenditures for health care (B) Health care expenditures as a percentage of GDP have remained stable within the range of 5%-8% since the 1970s (C) Medicare funds most of the services received by the elderly living in institutional long term care facilities (D) Medicaid is a Federal-State partnership which covers some health care and related services for low-income families with children and individuals who are elderly, blind and disabled - ANSWER D Community rating basis for health insurance: (A) Automatically assigns lower rates to subscribers from disadvantaged communities (B) Allows community representatives to negotiate favorable rates (C) Spreads the risk across the pool of insured (D) Benefits financially the healthiest insured people who use the fewest services - ANSWER C According to Mintzberg, "the central purpose of structure [in an organization] is to": (A) Produce a high-quality product (B) Allow for the development of strategy based on the organization's mission, vision, and values (C) Provide the content for organization charts (D) Coordinate the work of the organization, which has been divided in a variety of ways - ANSWER D Which of the following pairs of values are most likely to conflict during a response to a public health emergency? (A) Truth-telling versus justice (B) Beneficence versus justice (C) Individual autonomy versus community welfare (D) Community welfare versus justice - ANSWER C Executive managers in a not-for-profit health care organization have an obligation to: (A) Maximize return for their stockholders (B) Increase revenues annually (C) Be prudent stewards of the community's assets (D) Avoid earning any net income, i.e., profits - ANSWER C Which of the following principles of medical and public health ethics requires doing no harm while promoting the welfare of others? (A) Autonomy (B) Beneficence (C) Privacy (D) Justice - ANSWER B The "police powers" that public officials rely on to enforce compliance with public health standards and interventions are based on: (A) Explicit language in the U.S. Constitution (B) Inferences about the government's obligation to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its citizens (C) Inferences from the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) Act legislation (D) Presidential executive orders - ANSWER B Which of the following is likely to be a major obstacle to community readiness for a public health emergency such as an act of bioterrorism? (A) People no longer feel anxiety about the risks of bioterrorism (B) The average person has faith that public officials are competent to handle such threats (C) The consequences of the anthrax-letter threat following 9/11 were far less serious than anticipated (D) Individuals are unsure about the practical actions to take to protect themselves and their families - ANSWER D Which of the following terms is defined as "the systematic determination of certain risks to a population incident to a disaster"? (A) Baseline data evaluation (B) Risk communication (C) Vulnerability assessment (D) Biohazard analysis - ANSWER C Which of the following is not a true statement about the policy-making process? (A) A policy is a blueprint for action relevant to some area of public concern (B) Policy-making often occurs in the absence of complete information about all relevant variables (C) Only experts trained in public policy have a meaningful role to play in policy development (D) Policies as enacted often reflect compromises among key players with conflicting interests - ANSWER C A health policy that is implemented within a representative democracy with separation of powers at all governmental levels and that is characterized by the presence of well-funded interest groups: (A) Will reflect the preferences of the majority of citizens (B) Must be based on the best scientific evidence available (C) Will represent a compromise among multiple and competing interests (D) Is doomed to failure - ANSWER C Which of the following is most likely to enhance the staff performance appraisal? (A) Deferring performance feedback until the scheduled annual appraisal (B) Setting performance goals in collaboration with the employee (C) Refusing to award outstanding ratings that might lead the employee to expect a merit-based salary increase (D) Ensuring that no negative information is included in the written appraisal to decrease legal liability - ANSWER B The following statement is a tenet of which of these motivational models: "Individuals are motivated to satisfy lower-order physiological needs before they can respond to higher needs such as self-fulfillment."? (A) Hierarchy of needs (Maslow) (B) Expectancy theory (Vroom) (C) Two-factor theory (Herzberg) (D) Theory X/Theory Y (McGregor) - ANSWER A What is the best explanation for the importance of liquidity to the not-for-profit health care organization (HCO) and its stakeholders? (A) Liquidity is necessary to ensure that the HCO achieves its revenue projections. (B) In the event that the HCO decides to invest heavily in plant expansion, it will have cash on hand. (C) Liquidity will allow the HCO to cover its short-term obligations and unexpected cash demands. (D) All HCO competitors have liquidity. - ANSWER C [Show More]

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