Evidence Based Nursing Exam 1 Updated and Graded A+

in a qualitative design, what are the people called - ANSWER informants or participants NOT subjects how long is data collected in a qualitative design - ANSWER until saturation is reached Phenomenology - ANSWER ...

in a qualitative design, what are the people called - ANSWER informants or participants NOT subjects how long is data collected in a qualitative design - ANSWER until saturation is reached Phenomenology - ANSWER Process of learning and constructing the meaning of human experience—as lived by participants in the study--basis in philosophy credibility for ensuring rigor - ANSWER 1. truth of findings as judged by participants and those within the discipline 2. Prolonged engagement, persistent observation, triangulation, peer debriefing (members of discipline), member checks (sent back to participants to ask if it looks right based off of their experiences) descriptive code in qualitative designs - ANSWER Words from the participant become the code also called in vivo if you see statistics in the result section, what type of study is it not - ANSWER not a qualitative study A qualitative design is particularly well suited to the study of the human experience of health because its methods: A . focus on the meanings ascribed by individuals living the experience. B. allow for control of all variables influencing the research question. C. involve the use of complex statistical tests which reflect the complexity of the situation. D. are used most often by basic scientists and therefore provide valid and reliable results. - ANSWER A Typically, the number of participants in a qualitative research study are ______ as compared with the number of subjects in a quantitative study. a. more b. the same c. less - ANSWER c 3. Which of the following is true of qualitative research? Select all that apply. a. Displays findings as words and pictures b. Seeks to find support for a hypothesis - c. Ends with statistical report - d. Involves direct and personal contact with subjects - ANSWER a and d 4. A qualitative research approach that involves prolonged residence with members of a culture being studied is : a. phenomenology b. grounded theory c. Ethnography d. Content analysis. - ANSWER c right to fair treatment - ANSWER 1. Fair selection of subjects a. Cant pay people to recruit 2. Fair treatment of subjects a. Those who choose to participate versus not have to receive equal treatment of care right to protection from discomfort and harm - ANSWER 1. based on principle of beneficence (we want to do good) 2. categories of studies a. no anticipated effects--reviewing files b. temporary discomfort--questionnaires, interviews c. unusual levels of temporary discomfort (will last after study is terminated)--muscle weakness, joint pain, questioning about traumatic events d. Risk of permanent damage--more common in biomedical research--may be acceptable w/ therapeutic research e. Certainty of permanent damage--not acceptable (study causes blindness) 3. Must do risk-benefit analysis Risks cannot outweigh the benefits anonymity - ANSWER subjects ID can't be linked with data, even by researcher slips thrown into a box confidentiality - ANSWER researcher's management of private information shared by subject keep who they are separate from the data need to be careful who has access to this study be careful reporting the data 1. subject's identity cannot be revealed right to privacy and its violations - ANSWER freedom an individual has to determine the time, extent, and general circumstances under which private info will be shared violations: invasive questions, covert data collection, unauthorized access to records right to self determination and its violations - ANSWER 1. based on respect for persons 2. Voluntary participation violations: coercion covert data collection (research subject w/o realizing it) deception (actual misinformation of subjects for research purposes, not told the truth) A research study involves unobtrusive observation of families waiting for care in an ER, and recording type and frequency of stress behaviors. If the subjects are not aware that they are being studied, what right has been violated? (either A or D???) A. Right to fair treatment B. Freedom from harm C. Right to anonymity - know the difference between anonymity and confidentiality D. Voluntary consent - ANSWER D In some situations a researcher obtains informed consent without asking the subject to sign his or her name on a written consent form. This may be done to protect the subject's A. Human dignity B. Anonymity C. Right to self determination D. Confidentiality - ANSWER B evidence based practice definition - ANSWER Conscientious, explicit, & judicious use of theory derived, research based information in making decisions about care delivery to individuals or groups of patients & in consideration of individual needs & preferences (both patient and provider). (Fain, p. 50) Which of the following would need to be studied using quantitative methods? i. What is the decision making process of HIV+patients seeking treatment? ii. What effect does room temperature have on the colonization rate of bacteria in urinary catheter? iii. What are the sources of stress among nursing home residents? iv. Does therapeutic touch affect the vital signs of hospitalized patients? - ANSWER ii and iv A researcher uses which approach to knowledge generating to develop a specific hypothesis from a general theory? A. Inductive reasoning B. Deductive reasoning C. Tradition & authority D. Trial & error - ANSWER B 2. The mission of the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) is to: A. Evaluate baccalaureate degree programs in nursing for accreditation. B. Provide funding programs that focus on studies related to health care outcomes. C. Promote the status of nursing as a profession among allied health disciplines. D. Monitor the practice of nursing to assist State Boards with quality control - ANSWER B Which of the following is true of research in nursing? Select all that apply. A. Most nurses have adequate knowledge of research findings. B. In most hospitals, the implementation of evidence based nursing practice is NOTthe number one priority. C. Nurse's lack of time is the most frequently cited reason for not searching for research findings. D. Most nursing research findings are used in practice soon after they are published. - ANSWER B and C On page 93, in the first column Jones et al. write, "Horvath (2003) found that patients having gynecological surgery reported decreased activity up to 5 days postsurgery and that age and comorbidity increased the risk for confusion and fatigue" In Jones et al.'s study, Horvath's work is a A. Theoretical framework B. Primary source C. Secondary source D. Conceptual model - ANSWER B What is the independent variable in the following: The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a special intervention based in an outpatient clinic of a Chicago hospital in improving the health outcomes of a group of pregnant teenagers. A. Special intervention B. Health outcomes C. Pregnant teenagers D. Outpatient clinic - ANSWER A What is the independent variable in the following: (nonexperimental so independent variable usually comes first) The study seeks to examine the relationship between visitor frequency and the amount of somatic complaints of nursing home residents. A. Visitor frequency B. Somatic complaints C. Nursing home residents D. Unable to determine - ANSWER A What is the dependent variable in the following: What is the relationship between delayed menses and body image in the adolescent female? A. Adolescence B. Delayed menses C. Body image D. Female - ANSWER C