MCAT Biochemistry Review Questions and Answers Already Passed

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MCAT Biochemistry Review Questions and Answers Already Passed Amino Acid ✔✔Dipolar compound containing an amino group and a carboxyl group Amino Group ✔✔-NH2 Carboxyl Group ✔✔-COOH Al ... pha Carbon ✔✔Central carbon atom in amino acid Attached to amino & carboxyl groups, H atom, and side chain Side Chain ✔✔The variable component of an amino acid that gives the amino acid its identity and chemical properties also called R-group Chiral ✔✔A molecule with a nonsuperimposable mirror image All amino acids (except glycine) are chiral (S) Absolute Configuration ✔✔All amino acids (except cysteine) have an (S) absolute configuration L-amino Acid ✔✔All amino acids found in eukaryotes Nonpolar, Nonaromatic Amino Acids ✔✔Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, proline Glycine ✔✔Single H atom as side chain Achiral Smallest amino acid Alanine ✔✔Alkyl side chain (1C) Valine ✔✔Alkyl side chain (3C) Leucine ✔✔Alkyl side chain (4C) Isoleucine ✔✔Alkyl side chain (4C) Methionine ✔✔Methyl side chain (-CH3) Contains S atom in side chain Proline ✔✔Cyclic amino acid N from amino group becomes part of side chain, forming five-part ring, limiting where is can appear on a protein Rigid/constraints on flexibility Aromatic Amino Acids ✔✔Tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine Aromaticity ✔✔The ability of a molecule to delocalize pi electrons around a conjucated ring, creating exceptional stability Tryptophan ✔✔Double-ring system Contains N atom in one ring Largest of aromatic amino acids Phenylalanine ✔✔Benzyl side chain (benzene ring + -CH2 group) Smallest aromatic amino acid Relatively nonpolar Tyrosine ✔✔Phenylalanine + -OH group Relatively polar Polar Amino Acids ✔✔Serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine Polarity ✔✔An uneven sharing of electrons in a molecule, creating a slightly positive side and a slightly negative side Serine ✔✔-OH group in side chain Highly polar - participate in H-bonding Threonine ✔✔-OH group in side chain Highly polar - participate in H-bonding Asparagine ✔✔Amide (-NH2) side chain Amide N do not gain or lose protons with changes in pH - do not become charged Glutamine ✔✔Amide (-NH2) side chain Amide N do not gain or lose protons with changes in pH - do not become charged Cysteine ✔✔Thiol (-SH) side chain - weaker than OH bond Prone to oxidation Negatively-charged (Acidic) Amino Acids ✔✔Aspartic acid (aspartate), glutamic acid (glutamate) Aspartic Acid (Aspartate) ✔✔Carboxylate (-COO(-)) group in side chain Deprotonated form of asparagine Glutamic Acid (Glutamate) ✔✔Carboxylate (-COO(-)) group in side chain Deprotonated form of glutamine Positively-charged (Basic) Amino Acids ✔✔Lysine, arginine, histidine Lysine ✔✔Terminal primary amino group Arginine ✔✔Has 3 N atoms in side chain Charge delocalized over all three N atoms Histidine ✔✔Has arom [Show More]

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