BIOS-251 Week 6 Case Study Assignment: Bone (RATED A)

Proffeser Hampton Week 6 Case Study: Bone Chamberlain University College of Nursing BIOS251: Anatomy and Physiology Week 6 Case Study: Bone ...

Proffeser Hampton Week 6 Case Study: Bone Chamberlain University College of Nursing BIOS251: Anatomy and Physiology Week 6 Case Study: Bone There are four cells that are involved in the generation of bone tissue. The first of these cells is Osteogenic cells. Osteogenic cells are apart of stem cells that come from embryonic mesenchyme. Its functions is to rise other cells type. These cells can multiply to later become osteoblasts. The bone-forming cell is know as Osteoblasts. Its function is to synthesize the organic matter of the bone and then promote its mineralization(Saladin, K. S., Gan, C. A., & Cushman, H. N.2021).It also has a fuction in the endocrine function in which they secrete osteocalcin that stimulates insulin secretion by the pancreas. It also increases insulin sensitivity in adipocytes, and limits the growth of adipose tissue. Osteoblasts houses the processs of bone- building called osteogenesis. During this time, osteoblasts form rows in endosteum and inner layer of the periosteum. The stress and fractures stimulate mitosis that causes a increase in osteoblasts, which then rebuild the bone. (Saladin, K. S., Gan, C. A., & Cushman, H. N.2021) Old osteoblasts that are stuck in the matrix they deposited are called Osteocytes. Osteoblasts and osteocytes engage by by gap junctions where their processes meet, so they can pass nutrients and chemical signals to one another and pass their metabolic wastes to the nearest blood vessel for later disposal. Its fuction include resorbing and depositing bone matrix, homeostatic maintenance of bone density and blood concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions, and are strain sensors. (Saladin, K. S., Gan, C. A., & Cushman, H. N.2021) The finally type of bone cell is Osteoclasts that are bone-dissolving cells on the bone surfaces. The side facing toward the bone surface has a ruffled border with deep infoldings of the plasma membrane that rise to the surface area and the efficiency of bone resorption. (Saladin, K. S., Gan, C. A., & Cushman, H. N.2021) There are four step of fracture repair. Hematoma formation, bone generation, bony callous formation, and bone remodeling. During the first step blood vessels tear and devople blood clots also knows as hematoma, at the site of the break. Because of the clotting process blood vessels are sealed which causes bone cells to die. Then after a couple days capillaries grow into the hematoma and phagocytic dispose of dead cells(Boundless 2021). Fibroblase come into the are to create collagen fibers that will attach broken bone ends, while osteoblasts enters to start to form spongy bone. They both repair tissue between the broken bone ends ( Boundless 2021). Next fibrocartilaginous callus is now transformed into a bony callus of spongy bone. After two months, the broken bone ends to be firmly joined together after the fracture( Boundless 2021). Finally, bony callus is remodelled by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. All extra material on the exterior of the bone and in the medullary cavity has been removed. Compact bone is added to create bone tissue that is similar to the original ( Boundless 2021). Epiphyseal plate is responble for longitudinal growth of the long bones. If this fratuure occurred in the epiphyseal plate the bone could end up a little crooked or slightly longer or shorter when it is healed(OrthoInfo 2021). The type of fracture that I think occurred is a stable fracture. In the stable fracture the broken ends of the bone line up and are barely out of place. Since there was only knot, a fracture of the tibia, it very unlikely that any bones shadders or broke the skin (OrthoInfo 2021). References Boundless. (n.d.). Boundless Biology. Lumen. Retrieved October 11, 2021, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/bone/. Fractures (broken bones) - orthoinfo - aaos. OrthoInfo. (n.d.). Retrieved October 11, 2021, from https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/fractures-broken-bones/. Growth Plate fractures - orthoinfo - AAOS. OrthoInfo. (n.d.). Retrieved October 11, 2021, from https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/growth-plate-fractures/. Saladin, K. S., Gan, C. A., & Cushman, H. N. (2021). Anatomy & Physiology: The unity of form and function. McGraw-Hill Education.