Exam 3 Study Questions
What drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes?
o Metformin and Insulin
What A1C value indicates diabetes mellitus? Pre-DM?
o 6.5% or greater is considered diabetes
o 5.7-6.4% pre-diabe
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Exam 3 Study Questions
What drugs are used to treat gestational diabetes?
o Metformin and Insulin
What A1C value indicates diabetes mellitus? Pre-DM?
o 6.5% or greater is considered diabetes
o 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetes
What fasting and random values indicate DM?
o Fasting plasma glucose—126 or greater is diabetes
o Random (casual) plasma glucose—anything greater than 200 is diabetes
What are complications of insulin therapy?
o Hypoglycemia
o Can develop lipohypertrophy
Accumulation of subcutaneous fat that occurs when it is injected too frequently
at the same site
o Allergic reactions
Characterized by red and intensely itchy welts, breathing becomes difficult
If severe allergy develops:
Desensitization procedure (small doses to larger doses)
o Hypokalemia
Promotes the uptake of potassium cells and insulin activates a membrane-bound
enzyme with sodium potassium and ATPase that pumps potassium into the cells
and sodium out
Drug interactions?
o Hypoglycemic agents
Can intensify the hypoglycemia included by insulin
Examples: sulfonylureas, glinides, alcohol
o Use with caution with hyperglycemic agents
Examples: thiazide and glucocorticoids and sympathomimetics
What effect do beta blockers have on insulin?
o delay awareness of and response to hypoglycemia by masking the signs that are
associated with stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
o Impair glycogenolysis
o Prevent the bodies counter-regulatory response
What are other therapeutic uses besides DM?
o Hyperkalemia
o Aids in diagnosis of GH deficiency
o Diabetic ketoacidosis
Insulin dosage must be coordinated with what?
o Carbohydrate intake
What is B/P goal in diabetic?
o To be controlled, within normal 120/80
What medication can be given to decrease risk of diabetic nephropathy?
o ACE inhibitor or ARB
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