Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1

Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1Chapter 1: Introduction to PhysiologyPhysiology- is the study of the normal functioning of a living organism and itscomponent parts.Physiology Is an Integrative ScienceMany complex functions ...

Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1Chapter 1: Introduction to PhysiologyPhysiology- is the study of the normal functioning of a living organism and itscomponent parts.Physiology Is an Integrative ScienceMany complex functions are emergent properties that cannot be predicted from the properties of individual component parts.Physiologists study the many levels of organisms in living organisms, atoms-molecules-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organisms- population of one species- ecosystem-biosphereThe cell is the smallest unit of structure capable of carrying out all life processes.Collections of cells that carry out related functions make up tissues andorgans.The human body has 11 physiological organ systems: integumentary, muscular, skeletal, respiratory, digestive, urinary, immune, circulatory, nervous, endocrine, and reproductive.Function and MechanismThe function of a physiological system or event is the "why" of the system. The mechanism by which events occur is the "how" of a system. The teleological approach to physiology explains why events happen; the mechanistic approach explains how they happen. Translational research applies the results of basic physiological research to medical problems. Themes in PhysiologyStructure/function relationships, such as molecular interactions and compartmentation; biological energy use, information flow within the body; and homeostasis.HomeostasisHomeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment. Variables that are regulated to maintain homeostasis include temperature, pH, ion concentrations, oxygen, and water,Failure to maintain or compensate homeostasis may result in illness or disease.The body's