Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, 9th edition By James F. Shackelford (Test Bank )

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Table of Contents Materials for Engineering 1.1 The Material World 1.2 Materials Science and Engineering 1.3 Six Materials That Changed Your World STEEL BRIDGES—INTRODUCING METALS TRANSPARENT ... OXIDES—INTRODUCING CERAMICS SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS—INTRODUCING GLASSES NYLON PARACHUTES—INTRODUCING POLYMERS KEVLAR®-REINFORCED TIRES—INTRODUCING COMPOSITES SILICON CHIPS—INTRODUCING SEMICONDUCTORS 1.4 Processing and Selecting Materials 1.5 Looking at Materials by Powers of Ten PART I: The Fundamentals Atomic Bonding 2.1 Atomic Structure 2.2 The Ionic Bond COORDINATION NUMBER 2.3 The Covalent Bond 2.4 The Metallic Bond 2.5 The Secondary, or van der Waals, Bond 2.6 Materials—The Bonding Classification Crystalline Structure—Perfection 3.1 Seven Systems and Fourteen Lattices 3.2 Metal Structures 3.3 Ceramic Structures Crystal Defects and Noncrystalline Structure—Imperfection 4.1 The Solid Solution—Chemical Imperfection 4.2 Point Defects—Zero-Dimensional Imperfections 4.3 Linear Defects, or Dislocations—One-Dimensional Imperfections 4.4 Planar Defects—Two-Dimensional Imperfections 4.5 Noncrystalline Solids—Three-Dimensional Imperfections Diffusion 5.1 Thermally Activated Processes 5.2 Thermal Production of Point Defects 5.3 Point Defects and Solid-State Diffusion 5.4 Steady-State Diffusion 5.5 Alternate Diffusion Paths Mechanical Behavior 6.1 Stress Versus Strain METALS CERAMICS AND GLASSES POLYMERS 6.2 Elastic Deformation 6.3 Plastic Deformation 6.4 Hardness 6.5 Creep and Stress Relaxation 6.6 Viscoelastic Deformation INORGANIC GLASSES ORGANIC POLYMERS ELASTOMERS Thermal Behavior 7.1 Heat Capacity 7.2 Thermal Expansion 7.3 Thermal Conductivity 7.4 Thermal Shock Failure Analysis and Prevention 8.1 Impact Energy 8.2 Fracture Toughness 8.3 Fatigue 8.4 Nondestructive Testing 8.5 Failure Analysis and Prevention Phase Diagrams—Equilibrium Microstructural Development 9.1 The Phase Rule 9.2 The Phase Diagram COMPLETE SOLID SOLUTION EUTECTIC DIAGRAM WITH NO SOLID SOLUTION EUTECTIC DIAGRAM WITH LIMITED SOLID SOLUTION EUTECTOID DIAGRAM PERITECTIC DIAGRAM GENERAL BINARY DIAGRAMS 9.3 The Lever Rule 9.4 Microstructural Development During Slow Cooling Kinetics—Heat Treatment 10.1 Time—The Third Dimension 10.2 The TTT Diagram DIFFUSIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS DIFFUSIONLESS (MARTENSITIC) TRANSFORMATIONS HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL 10.3 Hardenability 10.4 Precipitation Hardening 10.5 Annealing COLD WORK RECOVERY RECRYSTALLIZATION GRAIN GROWTH 10.6 The Kinetics of Phase Transformations for Nonmetals PART II: Materials and Their Applications Structural Materials—Metals, Ceramics, and Glasses 11.1 Metals FERROUS ALLOYS NONFERROUS ALLOYS 11.2 Ceramics and Glasses CERAMICS—CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS GLASSES—NONCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS GLASS-CERAMICS 11.3 Processing the Structural Materials PROCESSING OF METALS PROCESSING OF CERAMICS AND GLASSES Structural Materials—Polymers and Composites 12.1 Polymers POLYMERIZATION STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF POLYMERS THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS THERMOSETTING POLYMERS ADDITIVES 12.2 Composites FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES AGGREGATE COMPOSITES PROPERTY AVERAGING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES 12.3 Processing the Structural Materials PROCESSING OF POLYMERS PROCESSING OF COMPOSITES Electronic Materials 13.1 Charge Carriers and Conduction 13.2 Energy Levels and Energy Bands 13.3 Conductors THERMOCOUPLES SUPERCONDUCTORS 13.4 Insulators FERROELECTRICS PIEZOELECTRICS 13.5 Semiconductors INTRINSIC, ELEMENTAL SEMICONDUCTORS EXTRINSIC, ELEMENTAL SEMICONDUCTORS COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 13.6 Composites 13.7 Electrical Classification of Materials Optical and Magnetic Materials 14.1 Optical Materials OPTICAL PROPERTIES OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND DEVICES 14.2 Magnetic Materials FERROMAGNETISM FERRIMAGNETISM METALLIC MAGNETS CERAMIC MAGNETS Materials in Engineering Design 15.1 Material Properties—Engineering Design Parameters 15.2 Selection of Structural Materials—Case Studies MATERIALS FOR HIP- AND KNEE-JOINT REPLACEMENT METAL SUBSTITUTION WITH COMPOSITES 15.3 Selection of Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Materials—Case Studies LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE GLASS FOR SMART PHONE AND TABLET TOUCH SCREENS AMORPHOUS METAL FOR ELECTRIC-POWER DISTRIBUTION 15.4 Materials and Our Environment ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF DESIGN RECYCLING AND REUSE APPENDIX 1: Physical and Chemical Data for the ElementsAPPENDIX 2: Atomic and Ionic Radii of the ElementsAPPENDIX 3: Constants and Conversion Factors and the Periodic Table of ElementsAPPENDIX 4: Properties of the Structural MaterialsAPPENDIX 5: Properties of the Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic MaterialsAPPENDIX 6: Glossary Answers to Practice Problems (PP) and Odd-Numbered Problems IndexTable of Contents Materials for Engineering 1.1 The Material World 1.2 Materials Science and Engineering 1.3 Six Materials That Changed Your World STEEL BRIDGES—INTRODUCING METALS TRANSPARENT OXIDES—INTRODUCING CERAMICS SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS—INTRODUCING GLASSES NYLON PARACHUTES—INTRODUCING POLYMERS KEVLAR®-REINFORCED TIRES—INTRODUCING COMPOSITES SILICON CHIPS—INTRODUCING SEMICONDUCTORS 1.4 Processing and Selecting Materials 1.5 Looking at Materials by Powers of Ten PART I: The Fundamentals Atomic Bonding 2.1 Atomic Structure 2.2 The Ionic Bond COORDINATION NUMBER 2.3 The Covalent Bond 2.4 The Metallic Bond 2.5 The Secondary, or van der Waals, Bond 2.6 Materials—The Bonding Classification Crystalline Structure—Perfection 3.1 Seven Systems and Fourteen Lattices 3.2 Metal Structures 3.3 Ceramic Structures Crystal Defects and Noncrystalline Structure—Imperfection 4.1 The Solid Solution—Chemical Imperfection 4.2 Point Defects—Zero-Dimensional Imperfections 4.3 Linear Defects, or Dislocations—One-Dimensional Imperfections 4.4 Planar Defects—Two-Dimensional Imperfections 4.5 Noncrystalline Solids—Three-Dimensional Imperfections Diffusion 5.1 Thermally Activated Processes 5.2 Thermal Production of Point Defects 5.3 Point Defects and Solid-State Diffusion 5.4 Steady-State Diffusion 5.5 Alternate Diffusion Paths Mechanical Behavior 6.1 Stress Versus Strain METALS CERAMICS AND GLASSES POLYMERS 6.2 Elastic Deformation 6.3 Plastic Deformation 6.4 Hardness 6.5 Creep and Stress Relaxation 6.6 Viscoelastic Deformation INORGANIC GLASSES ORGANIC POLYMERS ELASTOMERS Thermal Behavior 7.1 Heat Capacity 7.2 Thermal Expansion 7.3 Thermal Conductivity 7.4 Thermal Shock Failure Analysis and Prevention 8.1 Impact Energy 8.2 Fracture Toughness 8.3 Fatigue 8.4 Nondestructive Testing 8.5 Failure Analysis and Prevention Phase Diagrams—Equilibrium Microstructural Development 9.1 The Phase Rule 9.2 The Phase Diagram COMPLETE SOLID SOLUTION EUTECTIC DIAGRAM WITH NO SOLID SOLUTION EUTECTIC DIAGRAM WITH LIMITED SOLID SOLUTION EUTECTOID DIAGRAM PERITECTIC DIAGRAM GENERAL BINARY DIAGRAMS 9.3 The Lever Rule 9.4 Microstructural Development During Slow Cooling Kinetics—Heat Treatment 10.1 Time—The Third Dimension 10.2 The TTT Diagram DIFFUSIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS DIFFUSIONLESS (MARTENSITIC) TRANSFORMATIONS HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL 10.3 Hardenability 10.4 Precipitation Hardening 10.5 Annealing COLD WORK RECOVERY RECRYSTALLIZATION GRAIN GROWTH 10.6 The Kinetics of Phase Transformations for Nonmetals PART II: Materials and Their Applications Structural Materials—Metals, Ceramics, and Glasses 11.1 Metals FERROUS ALLOYS NONFERROUS ALLOYS 11.2 Ceramics and Glasses CERAMICS—CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS GLASSES—NONCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS GLASS-CERAMICS 11.3 Processing the Structural Materials PROCESSING OF METALS PROCESSING OF CERAMICS AND GLASSES Structural Materials—Polymers and Composites 12.1 Polymers POLYMERIZATION STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF POLYMERS THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS THERMOSETTING POLYMERS ADDITIVES 12.2 Composites FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES AGGREGATE COMPOSITES PROPERTY AVERAGING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES 12.3 Processing the Structural Materials PROCESSING OF POLYMERS PROCESSING OF COMPOSITES Electronic Materials 13.1 Charge Carriers and Conduction 13.2 Energy Levels and Energy Bands 13.3 Conductors THERMOCOUPLES SUPERCONDUCTORS 13.4 Insulators FERROELECTRICS PIEZOELECTRICS 13.5 Semiconductors INTRINSIC, ELEMENTAL SEMICONDUCTORS EXTRINSIC, ELEMENTAL SEMICONDUCTORS COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 13.6 Composites 13.7 Electrical Classification of Materials Optical and Magnetic Materials 14.1 Optical Materials OPTICAL PROPERTIES OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND DEVICES 14.2 Magnetic Materials FERROMAGNETISM FERRIMAGNETISM METALLIC MAGNETS CERAMIC MAGNETS Materials in Engineering Design 15.1 Material Properties—Engineering Design Parameters 15.2 Selection of Structural Materials—Case Studies MATERIALS FOR HIP- AND KNEE-JOINT REPLACEMENT METAL SUBSTITUTION WITH COMPOSITES 15.3 Selection of Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Materials—Case Studies LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE GLASS FOR SMART PHONE AND TABLET TOUCH SCREENS AMORPHOUS METAL FOR ELECTRIC-POWER DISTRIBUTION 15.4 Materials and Our Environment ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF DESIGN RECYCLING AND REUSE APPENDIX 1: Physical and Chemical Data for the ElementsAPPENDIX 2: Atomic and Ionic Radii of the ElementsAPPENDIX 3: Constants and Conversion Factors and the Periodic Table of ElementsAPPENDIX 4: Properties of the Structural MaterialsAPPENDIX 5: Properties of the Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic MaterialsAPPENDIX 6: Glossary Answers to Practice Problems (PP) and Odd-Numbered Problems Index [Show More]

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