Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 6th edition By H Scott Fogler (Test Bank )

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Introduction xix About the Author xxxiii Chapter 1: Mole Balances 1 1.1 The Rate of Reaction, –r_A 4 1.2 The General Mole Balance Equation (GMBE) 8 1.3 Batch Reactors (BRs) 10 1.4 Continuo... us-Flow Reactors 12 1.5 Industrial Reactors 24 1.6 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 1 (AWFOS - S1 Safety) 25 Chapter 2: Conversion and Reactor Sizing 35 2.1 Definition of Conversion 36 2.2 Batch Reactor Design Equations 36 2.3 Design Equations for Flow Reactors 39 2.4 Sizing Continuous-Flow Reactors 42 2.5 Reactors in Series 51 2.6 Some Further Definitions 62 2.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 2 (AWFOS - S2 The NFPA Diamond) 66 Chapter 3: Rate Laws 75 3.1 Basic Definitions 76 3.2 The Rate Law 78 3.3 The Reaction-Rate Constant 89 3.4 Molecular Simulations 100 3.5 Present Status of Our Approach to Reactor Sizing and Design 103 3.6 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 3 (AWFOS - S3 The GHS Diamond) 104 Chapter 4: Stoichiometry 117 4.1 Batch Reactors (BRs) 119 4.2 Flow Systems 125 4.3 Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium Conversion 138 4.4 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 4 (AWFOS - S4 The Swiss Cheese Model) 143 Chapter 5: Isothermal Reactor Design: Conversion 155 5.1 Design Structure for Isothermal Reactors 156 5.2 Batch Reactors (BRs) 160 5.3 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs) 168 5.4 Tubular Reactors 178 5.5 Pressure Drop in Reactors 185 5.6 Synthesizing the Design of a Chemical Plant 208 5.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 5 (AWFOS - S5 A Safety Analysis of the Incident Algorithm) 210 Chapter 6: Isothermal Reactor Design: Moles and Molar Flow Rates 229 6.1 The Moles and Molar Flow Rate Balance Algorithms 230 6.2 Mole Balances on CSTRs, PFRs, PBRs, and Batch Reactors 230 6.3 Application of the PFR Molar Flow Rate Algorithm to a Microreactor 234 6.4 Membrane Reactors 239 6.5 Unsteady-State Operation of Stirred Reactors 248 6.6 Semibatch Reactors 249 6.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 6 (AWFOS - S6 The BowTie Diagram) 256 Chapter 7: Collection and Analysis of Rate Data 269 7.1 The Algorithm for Data Analysis 270 7.2 Determining the Reaction Order for Each of Two Reactants Using the Method of Excess 272 7.3 Integral Method 273 7.4 Differential Method of Analysis 277 7.5 Nonlinear Regression 284 7.6 Reaction-Rate Data from Differential Reactors 290 7.7 Experimental Planning 297 7.8 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 7 (AWFOS - S7 Laboratory Safety) 297 Chapter 8: Multiple Reactions 309 8.1 Definitions 310 8.2 Algorithm for Multiple Reactions 313 8.3 Parallel Reactions 316 8.4 Reactions in Series 325 8.5 Complex Reactions 335 8.6 Membrane Reactors to Improve Selectivity in Multiple Reactions 343 8.7 Sorting It All Out 348 8.8 The Fun Part 348 8.9 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 8 (AWFOS - S8 The Fire Triangle) 349 Chapter 9: Reaction Mechanisms, Pathways, Bioreactions, and Bioreactors 367 9.1 Active Intermediates and Nonelementary Rate Laws 368 9.2 Enzymatic Reaction Fundamentals 377 9.3 Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions 391 9.4 Bioreactors and Biosynthesis 399 9.5 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 9 (AWFOS - S9 Process Safety Triangle) 422 Chapter 10: Catalysis and Catalytic Reactors 441 10.1 Catalysts 441 10.2 Steps in a Catalytic Reaction 447 10.3 Synthesizing a Rate Law, Mechanism, and Rate-Limiting Step 463 10.4 Heterogeneous Data Analysis for Reactor Design 479 10.5 Reaction Engineering in Microelectronic Fabrication 490 10.6 Model Discrimination 493 10.7 Catalyst Deactivation 496 10.8 Reactors That Can Be Used to Help Offset Catalyst Decay 507 10.9 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 10 (AWFOS - S10 Exxon Mobil Torrance Refinery Explosion Involving a Straight-Through Transport Reactor [STTR]) 519 Chapter 11: Nonisothermal Reactor Design: The Steady-State Energy Balance and Adiabatic PFR Applications 541 11.1 Rationale 542 11.2 The Energy Balance 543 11.3 The User-Friendly Energy Balance Equations 551 11.4 Adiabatic Operation 557 11.5 Adiabatic Equilibrium Conversion 566 11.6 Reactor Staging with Interstage Cooling or Heating 571 11.7 Optimum Feed Temperature 575 11.8 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 11 (AWFOS - S11 Acronyms) 579 Chapter 12: Steady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design: Flow Reactors with Heat Exchange 591 12.1 Steady-State Tubular Reactor with Heat Exchange 592 12.2 Balance on the Heat-Transfer Fluid 595 12.3 Examples of the Algorithm for PFR/PBR Design with Heat Effects 598 12.4 CSTR with Heat Effects 619 12.5 Multiple Steady States (MSS) 630 12.6 Nonisothermal Multiple Chemical Reactions 637 12.7 Radial and Axial Temperature Variations in a Tubular Reactor 652 12.8 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 12 (AWFOS - S12 Safety Statistics) 652 Chapter 13: Unsteady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design 681 13.1 The Unsteady-State Energy Balance 682 13.2 Energy Balance on Batch Reactors (BRs) 684 13.3 Batch and Semibatch Reactors with a Heat Exchanger 700 13.4 Nonisothermal Multiple Reactions 711 13.5 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 13 (AWFOS - S13 Safety Analysis of the T2 Laboratories Incident) 723 Chapter 14: Mass Transfer Limitations in Reacting Systems 739 14.1 Diffusion Fundamentals 740 14.2 Binary Diffusion 744 14.3 Modeling Diffusion with Chemical Reaction 748 14.4 The Mass Transfer Coefficient 750 14.5 Mass Transfer to a Single Particle 752 14.6 The Shrinking Core Model 758 14.7 Mass Transfer-Limited Reactions in Packed Beds 763 14.8 Robert the Worrier 766 14.9 What If . . . ? (Parameter Sensitivity) 770 14.10 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 14 (AWFOS - S14 Sugar Dust Explosion) 778 Chapter 15: Diffusion and Reaction 791 15.1 Diffusion and Reactions in Homogeneous Systems 792 15.2 Diffusion and Reactions in Spherical Catalyst Pellets 793 15.3 The Internal Effectiveness Factor 802 15.4 Falsified Kinetics 809 15.5 Overall Effectiveness Factor 811 15.6 Estimation of Diffusion- and Reaction-Limited Regimes 816 15.7 Mass Transfer and Reaction in a Packed Bed 817 15.8 Determination of Limiting Situations from Reaction-Rate Data 823 15.9 Multiphase Reactors in the Professional Reference Shelf 824 15.10 Fluidized Bed Reactors 826 15.11 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 826 15.12 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 15 (AWFOS - S15 Critical Thinking Questions Applied to Safety) 826 Chapter 16: Residence Time Distributions of Chemical Reactors 843 16.1 General Considerations 844 16.2 Measurement of the RTD 846 16.3 Characteristics of the RTD 853 16.4 RTD in Ideal Reactors 860 16.5 PFR/CSTR Series RTD 866 16.6 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting 869 16.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 16 (AWFOS - S16 Critical Thinking Actions) 876 Chapter 17: Predicting Conversion Directly from the Residence Time Distribution 887 17.1 Modeling Nonideal Reactors Using the RTD 888 17.2 Zero Adjustable Parameter Models 890 17.3 Using Software Packages Such as Polymath to Find Maximum Mixedness Conversion 907 17.4 Tanks-in-Series One Parameter Model, n 910 17.5 RTD and Multiple Reactions 912 17.6 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 17 (AWFOS - S17 Brief Case History on an Air Preheater) 917 Chapter 18: Models for Nonideal Reactors 929 18.1 Some Guidelines for Developing Models 930 18.2 Flow and Axial Dispersion of Inert Tracers in Isothermal Reactors 933 18.3 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion 937 18.4 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion in Isothermal Laminar-Flow Reactors and Finding Meno 941 18.5 Tanks-in-Series Model versus Dispersion Model 951 18.6 Numerical Solutions to Flows with Dispersion and Reaction 952 18.7 Nonisothermal Flow with Radial and Axial Variations in a Tubular Reactor 956 18.8 Two-Parameter Models -- Modeling Real Reactors with Combinations of Ideal Reactors 964 18.9 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 18 (AWFOS - S18 An Algorithm for Management of Change (MoC)) 974 Appendix A: Numerical Techniques 991 A.1 Useful Integrals in Chemical Reactor Design 991 A.2 Equal-Area Graphical Differentiation 992 A.3 Solutions to Differential Equations 994 A.4 Numerical Evaluation of Integrals 995 A.5 Semi-Log Graphs 997 A.6 Software Packages 997 Appendix B: Ideal Gas Constant and Conversion Factors 999 Appendix C: Thermodynamic Relationships Involving the Equilibrium Constant 1003 Appendix D: Software Packages 1009 D.1 Polymath 1009 D.2 Wolfram 1010 D.3 Python 1011 D.4 MATLAB 1011 D.5 Excel 1011 D.6 COMSOL (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/12chap/comsol.html) 1012 D.7 Aspen 1013 D.8 Visual Encyclopedia of Equipment -- Reactors Section 1013 D.9 Reactor Lab 1013 Appendix E: Rate-Law Data 1015 Appendix F: Nomenclature 1017 Appendix G: Open-Ended Problems 1021 G.1 Chem-E-Car 1021 G.2 Effective Lubricant Design 1021 G.3 Peach Bottom Nuclear Reactor 1021 G.4 Underground Wet Oxidation 1022 G.5 Hydrodesulfurization Reactor Design 1022 G.6 Continuous Bioprocessing 1022 G.7 Methanol Synthesis 1022 G.8 Cajun Seafood Gumbo 1022 G.9 Alcohol Metabolism 1023 G.10 Methanol Poisoning 1024 G.11 Safety 1024 Appendix H: Use of Computational Chemistry Software Packages 1025 H.1 Computational Chemical Reaction Engineering 1025 Appendix I: How to Use the CRE Web Resources 1027 I.1 CRE Web Resources Components 1027 Index 1029 Introduction xix About the Author xxxiii Chapter 1: Mole Balances 1 1.1 The Rate of Reaction, –r_A 4 1.2 The General Mole Balance Equation (GMBE) 8 1.3 Batch Reactors (BRs) 10 1.4 Continuous-Flow Reactors 12 1.5 Industrial Reactors 24 1.6 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 1 (AWFOS - S1 Safety) 25 Chapter 2: Conversion and Reactor Sizing 35 2.1 Definition of Conversion 36 2.2 Batch Reactor Design Equations 36 2.3 Design Equations for Flow Reactors 39 2.4 Sizing Continuous-Flow Reactors 42 2.5 Reactors in Series 51 2.6 Some Further Definitions 62 2.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 2 (AWFOS - S2 The NFPA Diamond) 66 Chapter 3: Rate Laws 75 3.1 Basic Definitions 76 3.2 The Rate Law 78 3.3 The Reaction-Rate Constant 89 3.4 Molecular Simulations 100 3.5 Present Status of Our Approach to Reactor Sizing and Design 103 3.6 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 3 (AWFOS - S3 The GHS Diamond) 104 Chapter 4: Stoichiometry 117 4.1 Batch Reactors (BRs) 119 4.2 Flow Systems 125 4.3 Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium Conversion 138 4.4 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 4 (AWFOS - S4 The Swiss Cheese Model) 143 Chapter 5: Isothermal Reactor Design: Conversion 155 5.1 Design Structure for Isothermal Reactors 156 5.2 Batch Reactors (BRs) 160 5.3 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs) 168 5.4 Tubular Reactors 178 5.5 Pressure Drop in Reactors 185 5.6 Synthesizing the Design of a Chemical Plant 208 5.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 5 (AWFOS - S5 A Safety Analysis of the Incident Algorithm) 210 Chapter 6: Isothermal Reactor Design: Moles and Molar Flow Rates 229 6.1 The Moles and Molar Flow Rate Balance Algorithms 230 6.2 Mole Balances on CSTRs, PFRs, PBRs, and Batch Reactors 230 6.3 Application of the PFR Molar Flow Rate Algorithm to a Microreactor 234 6.4 Membrane Reactors 239 6.5 Unsteady-State Operation of Stirred Reactors 248 6.6 Semibatch Reactors 249 6.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 6 (AWFOS - S6 The BowTie Diagram) 256 Chapter 7: Collection and Analysis of Rate Data 269 7.1 The Algorithm for Data Analysis 270 7.2 Determining the Reaction Order for Each of Two Reactants Using the Method of Excess 272 7.3 Integral Method 273 7.4 Differential Method of Analysis 277 7.5 Nonlinear Regression 284 7.6 Reaction-Rate Data from Differential Reactors 290 7.7 Experimental Planning 297 7.8 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 7 (AWFOS - S7 Laboratory Safety) 297 Chapter 8: Multiple Reactions 309 8.1 Definitions 310 8.2 Algorithm for Multiple Reactions 313 8.3 Parallel Reactions 316 8.4 Reactions in Series 325 8.5 Complex Reactions 335 8.6 Membrane Reactors to Improve Selectivity in Multiple Reactions 343 8.7 Sorting It All Out 348 8.8 The Fun Part 348 8.9 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 8 (AWFOS - S8 The Fire Triangle) 349 Chapter 9: Reaction Mechanisms, Pathways, Bioreactions, and Bioreactors 367 9.1 Active Intermediates and Nonelementary Rate Laws 368 9.2 Enzymatic Reaction Fundamentals 377 9.3 Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions 391 9.4 Bioreactors and Biosynthesis 399 9.5 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 9 (AWFOS - S9 Process Safety Triangle) 422 Chapter 10: Catalysis and Catalytic Reactors 441 10.1 Catalysts 441 10.2 Steps in a Catalytic Reaction 447 10.3 Synthesizing a Rate Law, Mechanism, and Rate-Limiting Step 463 10.4 Heterogeneous Data Analysis for Reactor Design 479 10.5 Reaction Engineering in Microelectronic Fabrication 490 10.6 Model Discrimination 493 10.7 Catalyst Deactivation 496 10.8 Reactors That Can Be Used to Help Offset Catalyst Decay 507 10.9 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 10 (AWFOS - S10 Exxon Mobil Torrance Refinery Explosion Involving a Straight-Through Transport Reactor [STTR]) 519 Chapter 11: Nonisothermal Reactor Design: The Steady-State Energy Balance and Adiabatic PFR Applications 541 11.1 Rationale 542 11.2 The Energy Balance 543 11.3 The User-Friendly Energy Balance Equations 551 11.4 Adiabatic Operation 557 11.5 Adiabatic Equilibrium Conversion 566 11.6 Reactor Staging with Interstage Cooling or Heating 571 11.7 Optimum Feed Temperature 575 11.8 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 11 (AWFOS - S11 Acronyms) 579 Chapter 12: Steady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design: Flow Reactors with Heat Exchange 591 12.1 Steady-State Tubular Reactor with Heat Exchange 592 12.2 Balance on the Heat-Transfer Fluid 595 12.3 Examples of the Algorithm for PFR/PBR Design with Heat Effects 598 12.4 CSTR with Heat Effects 619 12.5 Multiple Steady States (MSS) 630 12.6 Nonisothermal Multiple Chemical Reactions 637 12.7 Radial and Axial Temperature Variations in a Tubular Reactor 652 12.8 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 12 (AWFOS - S12 Safety Statistics) 652 Chapter 13: Unsteady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design 681 13.1 The Unsteady-State Energy Balance 682 13.2 Energy Balance on Batch Reactors (BRs) 684 13.3 Batch and Semibatch Reactors with a Heat Exchanger 700 13.4 Nonisothermal Multiple Reactions 711 13.5 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 13 (AWFOS - S13 Safety Analysis of the T2 Laboratories Incident) 723 Chapter 14: Mass Transfer Limitations in Reacting Systems 739 14.1 Diffusion Fundamentals 740 14.2 Binary Diffusion 744 14.3 Modeling Diffusion with Chemical Reaction 748 14.4 The Mass Transfer Coefficient 750 14.5 Mass Transfer to a Single Particle 752 14.6 The Shrinking Core Model 758 14.7 Mass Transfer-Limited Reactions in Packed Beds 763 14.8 Robert the Worrier 766 14.9 What If . . . ? (Parameter Sensitivity) 770 14.10 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 14 (AWFOS - S14 Sugar Dust Explosion) 778 Chapter 15: Diffusion and Reaction 791 15.1 Diffusion and Reactions in Homogeneous Systems 792 15.2 Diffusion and Reactions in Spherical Catalyst Pellets 793 15.3 The Internal Effectiveness Factor 802 15.4 Falsified Kinetics 809 15.5 Overall Effectiveness Factor 811 15.6 Estimation of Diffusion- and Reaction-Limited Regimes 816 15.7 Mass Transfer and Reaction in a Packed Bed 817 15.8 Determination of Limiting Situations from Reaction-Rate Data 823 15.9 Multiphase Reactors in the Professional Reference Shelf 824 15.10 Fluidized Bed Reactors 826 15.11 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 826 15.12 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 15 (AWFOS - S15 Critical Thinking Questions Applied to Safety) 826 Chapter 16: Residence Time Distributions of Chemical Reactors 843 16.1 General Considerations 844 16.2 Measurement of the RTD 846 16.3 Characteristics of the RTD 853 16.4 RTD in Ideal Reactors 860 16.5 PFR/CSTR Series RTD 866 16.6 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting 869 16.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 16 (AWFOS - S16 Critical Thinking Actions) 876 Chapter 17: Predicting Conversion Directly from the Residence Time Distribution 887 17.1 Modeling Nonideal Reactors Using the RTD 888 17.2 Zero Adjustable Parameter Models 890 17.3 Using Software Packages Such as Polymath to Find Maximum Mixedness Conversion 907 17.4 Tanks-in-Series One Parameter Model, n 910 17.5 RTD and Multiple Reactions 912 17.6 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 17 (AWFOS - S17 Brief Case History on an Air Preheater) 917 Chapter 18: Models for Nonideal Reactors 929 18.1 Some Guidelines for Developing Models 930 18.2 Flow and Axial Dispersion of Inert Tracers in Isothermal Reactors 933 18.3 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion 937 18.4 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion in Isothermal Laminar-Flow Reactors and Finding Meno 941 18.5 Tanks-in-Series Model versus Dispersion Model 951 18.6 Numerical Solutions to Flows with Dispersion and Reaction 952 18.7 Nonisothermal Flow with Radial and Axial Variations in a Tubular Reactor 956 18.8 Two-Parameter Models -- Modeling Real Reactors with Combinations of Ideal Reactors 964 18.9 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 18 (AWFOS - S18 An Algorithm for Management of Change (MoC)) 974 Appendix A: Numerical Techniques 991 A.1 Useful Integrals in Chemical Reactor Design 991 A.2 Equal-Area Graphical Differentiation 992 A.3 Solutions to Differential Equations 994 A.4 Numerical Evaluation of Integrals 995 A.5 Semi-Log Graphs 997 A.6 Software Packages 997 Appendix B: Ideal Gas Constant and Conversion Factors 999 Appendix C: Thermodynamic Relationships Involving the Equilibrium Constant 1003 Appendix D: Software Packages 1009 D.1 Polymath 1009 D.2 Wolfram 1010 D.3 Python 1011 D.4 MATLAB 1011 D.5 Excel 1011 D.6 COMSOL (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/12chap/comsol.html) 1012 D.7 Aspen 1013 D.8 Visual Encyclopedia of Equipment -- Reactors Section 1013 D.9 Reactor Lab 1013 Appendix E: Rate-Law Data 1015 Appendix F: Nomenclature 1017 Appendix G: Open-Ended Problems 1021 G.1 Chem-E-Car 1021 G.2 Effective Lubricant Design 1021 G.3 Peach Bottom Nuclear Reactor 1021 G.4 Underground Wet Oxidation 1022 G.5 Hydrodesulfurization Reactor Design 1022 G.6 Continuous Bioprocessing 1022 G.7 Methanol Synthesis 1022 G.8 Cajun Seafood Gumbo 1022 G.9 Alcohol Metabolism 1023 G.10 Methanol Poisoning 1024 G.11 Safety 1024 Appendix H: Use of Computational Chemistry Software Packages 1025 H.1 Computational Chemical Reaction Engineering 1025 Appendix I: How to Use the CRE Web Resources 1027 I.1 CRE Web Resources Components 1027 Index 1029 [Show More]

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