ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certification QUESTIONS WELL SOLVED 2022

The stem cell divides, producing undifferentiated stem cells that are of what lineage? myeloid or lymphoid What cells do myeloid precursors turn into? red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Wha ...

The stem cell divides, producing undifferentiated stem cells that are of what lineage? myeloid or lymphoid What cells do myeloid precursors turn into? red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets What cells do lymphoid precursors turn into? specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes Granulocytes are basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils Agranuloyctes are T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes What two type of immunity make up the immune system? innate and adaptive What line of defense is innate immunity? first What is the role of innate immunity? is to mount a non-specific response to a non-self entity that does not retain memory of the entity What types of things does innate immunity respond to? skin, mucous membranes, normal flora of the skin and gut as barrier or bacterial protection against foreign substances AND cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and macrophages If innate immunity proves to be insufficient, what is mobilized? adaptive immunity Adaptive immunity leads to what? immune system memory related to a pathogen or foreign substance What are the three parts of adaptive immunity? humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, regulatory t-cells What is humoral immunity made up of? b lymphocytes, memory b cells, and plasma to produce immunoglobulins or antibodies What is cell mediated immunity dependent on? cytotoxic t-cells, helper t-cells and their cytokines What are regulatory t-cells also known as? supressor t-cells What do regulatory t-cells do? regulate the immune response to prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory responses What are cytokines? cytokines are secreted by lymphocytes with the intention of stimulating macrophages and cytotoxic t lymphocytes to identify and kill pathogen infected cells or tumor cells What do proto-oncogenes do? regulate normal cell growth and division. What are proto-oncogenes? they are a large family of genes that code for proteins and enzymes that turn on the cell cycle If a mistake in copies of DNA occur next to a porto-oncogene, it can "turn on" and become what? oncogene What are two examples of an oncogene? EGFR/Erb- B1 and Erb-B2/HER2 What is a very important tumor suppressor gene? p53 What is the p53 gene also called? suicide gene What does neoadjuvant therapy refer to? treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment What is adjuvant therapy? additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that cancer will occur How do alkylating agents function? by causing a break in the DNA helix strand, causing interference with DNA replication, which results in cell death What are the three most common alkylating agent chemo's? cytoxan, ifos, bendamustine How are alkylating agents and platinum based chemo's different? platinum based chemo's do not have the molecule to to attach to and destroy DNA What are the two most common platinum based chemo's? cisplatin and carboplatin What should you instruct patients to do when receiving oxaliplatin? to avoid exposure to cold air and consuming cold fluids for 3 to 4 days following treatment What are the two most nephrotoxic drugs? streptozocin and semustine What are the most common side effects of antimetabolites? myelosuppresion, GI toxicities, photosensitivity, hand foot syndrome, What kind of chemo therapy require life time doses? antitumor antibiotics What are examples of anthracyclines that? doxorubicin, daunarubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin What are lifetime doses needed for anthrcyclines? cardiotoxicity What are classes of antitumor antibiotics? anthracyclines and non-anthracyclines What are examples of non-anthracyclines? actinomycin d, mitomycin c, bleomycin Why is there a lifetime dose for bleomycin? pulmonary fibrosis Patient's with what diagnosis are more at risk for anaphylaxis to bleomycin? lymphoma How to calculate an ANC (%polys or segs + %bands) x WBC/100 What are common plant alkaloids? etoposide, docetaxol, paclitaxel, vinblastin