WPFR Mini Academy EMT Questions and Answers (2022/2023)

Give 2 compelling reasons why Fire Crews should withhold resuscitation treatments - ANSWER Patient is at the end stage of a terminal condition Written or verbal information from family members, care giver, POA or writte ...

Give 2 compelling reasons why Fire Crews should withhold resuscitation treatments - ANSWER Patient is at the end stage of a terminal condition Written or verbal information from family members, care giver, POA or written directives from a patient What is the dose for acetaminophen for a pediatric patient - ANSWER 15 mg/kg orally or by rectal suppository What classification is Aspirin - ANSWER platelet inhibitor What is the dose of Aspirin - ANSWER 162 mg if they are already taking 324 mg if they are not taking What is the Epinephrine dose for an adult experiencing an anaphylactic reaction - ANSWER .3 - .5 mg 1:1000 IM What is the onset of action for oral glucose - ANSWER 30 - 60 min What is a contraindication for oral glucose - ANSWER unconscious or unable to swallow What are the two routes that Narcan can be administered by an EMT - ANSWER IM or IN 3 indications for the administration of Narcan - ANSWER Respiratory depression secondary to narcotics Opiate overdose such as codeine, dilaudid, fentanyl, heroin Treatment of coma of unknown origin with apnea/hypoventilation What classification is Zofran - ANSWER Antiemetic What is the onset of action for Zofran - ANSWER Orally Dissolving Tablet: 15 - 30 min What is the dose of Zofran - ANSWER 8 mg PO Name 3 times when you would want to administer oxygen - ANSWER Hypoxia - confirmed or suspected Ischemic chest pain with SPO2 less than 94% Apenic oxygenation during intubation Suspected carbon monoxide poisoning Name the obvious signs of death - ANSWER Rigor mortis Incineration Decompostiion Decapitation Lividity Evisceration of the heart External brain matter with absence of vital signs Situations that would put the rescuer in great peril Name 2 times when you would want to initiate transport when CPR is in progress - ANSWER Drug overdose Drowning Hypothermia Refractory shockable rhythm <30 years of age Circumstances that require the patient to be transported (i.e. major trauma) "Double Ds Have Really Nice Curves" Define the abbreviation POLST - ANSWER Physician's Order of Life Sustaining Treatment What hospitals in the county accept Step 1 Traumas - ANSWER Tacoma General St Joes Madigan Army Medical Center Harborview (not in the county) What hospitals in the county have a Level 1 Stroke Center - ANSWER Tacoma General St Joes What hospitals in the county can accept a Step 4 Trauma - ANSWER All of them What does the term "flush rate" refer to during apnea oxygenation - ANSWER Having the nasal cannula or NRB up past 15L to as high as it will go Ideally how long would we pre-oxygenate for prior to RSI and why would we go for this long - ANSWER 3 min in an effort to oxygenate and provide nitrogen wash out Are ammonia inhalants authorized for use on any patient - ANSWER No they were removed from the protocol in 2017 Give 3 indications where a patient would need to be placed on a backboard - ANSWER Acutely altered LOC Midline neck or back pain Numbness in extremities or motor weakness Anatomic deformity of the spine Distracting circumstances or injury A neck injury has occurred to a 15 year old male while at football practice. The Pt is wearing cleats, helmet and shoulder pads. Should the helmet and pads be removed or stay in place - ANSWER Player should be stabilized for transport with the helmet and pads in place Should an impaled object be removed - ANSWER No - unless it is impeding the airway With a patient suffering from Acute Coronary Syndrome, what number should the SPO2 stay above - ANSWER >94% and <99% In a suspected stroke patient, what does the acronym BEFAST stand for - ANSWER Balance Eyes Face Arms Speech Last time they were seen normal For a neonatal patient, when the heart rate drops below what number should compressions begin - ANSWER 60 bpm What is the compression rate of a neonatal patient - ANSWER 100-120 compression per minute How would an EMT treat postpartum hemorrhage - ANSWER Call for ALS transport immediately Place a trauma dressing over the vagina Perform a fundal massage Allow the mother to nurse What is a Signal 1 - ANSWER Death by fire What is a Signal 2 - ANSWER Death by natural causes What is a Signal 3 - ANSWER Suspicious Death What Step Trauma level would the following patient be: BP 180/99 - RR 34 - HR 126 GCS 12 - ANSWER Step 1 (GCS <13) What Step Level would a patient on blood thinners who fell and struck their head be - ANSWER Step 4 If a 19 month old fell out of a second story window, what Step Level trauma would they be - ANSWER Step 3 (fall greater than 10') A shark fin waveform on the LP15 Monitor represents what respiratory issue for the patient - ANSWER Bronchoconstriction What range is considered normal for EtCO2 - ANSWER 35 -45 mm/hg We should maintain an EtCO2 of ________ for patient with a TBI - ANSWER 35 - 40 mm/hg We should maintain an EtCO2 of ______ for a patient with TBI and signs of Increased Inter-cranial Pressure (IICP) - ANSWER 30 -35 mm/hg When a patient is hyperventilating, what would you expect the EtCO2 to be and what other S/Sx would you expect from the patient - ANSWER Low because they are exhaling CO2 Chest tightness Carpal pedal spasms Near syncopal episodes Increased stress levels Panic attacks What are two ways you can monitor EtCO2 - ANSWER EtCO2 NC In line EtCO2 monitor while the patient breaths through it When bagging how will you adjust your management when your EtCO2 begins to increase or decrease above normal - ANSWER EtCO2 Increase - slightly faster bagging because the patient is retaining CO2 EtCO2 Decrease - slightly slower bagging because the patient is expelling CO2 After a cardiac arrest, how do you report to CodeStat on the Lifepak Monitor when it is on - ANSWER Press "Transmit" button, scroll to "send to", select "CodeStat", select "send" After a cardiac arrest, how do you report to CodeStat on the Lifepak Monitor when it is off - ANSWER Select "Options", scroll to "archives", select "send to", select correct patient record, select "send to CodeStat", select "send" How do you change the font screen to monitor a different lead, EtCO2, Pleth wave - ANSWER Turn on monitor Press "Lead" button Scroll to desired view and select with wheel press How do you select AED mode and how do you exit AED mode - ANSWER Select analyze to engage AED mode Select the "up/down" arrows to exit AED mode What two rhythms are life threatening ad should be quickly verbalized to the medic on scene - ANSWER V-Tach and V-Fib How do you change the time interval for the NIBP - ANSWER Scroll to the NIBP box and select it with the press wheel Scroll to the time to make the selection Hit home How do you stamp an event - ANSWER Press Event button Scroll to the event to be recorded and select with the press wheel When asked to prep for intubation, what equipment is needed for the medic to complete the intubation - ANSWER ETT back up ETT Video laryngascope Mac or Miller Blade Suction NC for apneic oxygenation Tube holder Bougie BVM with inline EtCO2 connected Stethoscope 10cc syringe What is the difference between a Mac and Miller blade - ANSWER Mac is curved and Miller is straight When the decision is made to intubate, how do you properly prepare the patient - ANSWER Apneic oxygenation via NC, BVM, CPAP or I-gel 30 degree angle postion (head parallel to the ceiling) What is a contraindication for an NPA - ANSWER Facial trauma What are the ventilatory rates for an adult, child an infant with a TBI - ANSWER Adult - 10 times a minute (once every 5-6 sec) Child - 20 times a minute (once every 3-4 sec) Infant - 25 times a minute What is Cushing's Triad and what does it indicate - ANSWER 1. HTN and widened pulse pressure 2. Bradycardia 3. Irregular breathing (cheyne stokes) indicates IICP When applying a CPAP to a patient, why does a drop in BP usually occur? - ANSWER Switching from a negative pressure in the lungs to a positive pressure. This increases the pressure placed on the heart, dilating the vessels and causing cardiac output to drop How do you properly size an I-gel - ANSWER Ideal body weight, not actual body weight When a medic is attempting intubation, at what point should you notify the medic of the SPO2 - ANSWER 93% How do you take a "quick look" when a patient is connected to a Lifepak 15 (i.e. "diagnostic mode") - ANSWER Connect a 4 lead Select 12 lead Input patient data Select 12 lead again This allows you to view leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF What is the difference between RSI and DSI - ANSWER RSI involves a sedative and paralytic DSI involves a sedative to increase the time to ventilate the patient further, increasing the chances for success After intubation or I-gel insertion what are the next steps to perform - ANSWER Attach BVM w/ EtCO2 monitor Auscultate the epigastric and lungs Print waveform Secure tube/I-gel AEIOUTIPS (and what it's used for) - ANSWER Used to determine level of consciousness......... Alcohol/Acidosis/Arrhythmia/Ammonia Epilepsy/Electrolytes Insulin Overdose/Underdose/Oxygen Uremia Trauma/Temp/Tumor Injection/Infection Psychiatric/Poison Stroke/Shock/Seizure/Syncope What BGL is considered hypoglycemic in adults - ANSWER <80 mg/dl The Stroke Severity Score or LAMS incorporates what 3 categories with a max score of what - ANSWER Facial Droop Arm Drift Grip Strength Max of 5 Step II Trauma criteria is based on what - ANSWER Anatomy of injury For adults, falls greater than _____ feet quantify a patient as Step ____ trauma - ANSWER 20 feet - Step III Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs - ANSWER Right Ventricle The main pacemaker cell of the heart is _________ - ANSWER SA (Sino Atrial) Node Oxygen poor blood enters which chamber of the heart through which vessels - ANSWER Right Atrium - Superior and Inferior Vena Cava What does COPD stand for and what diseases does it incorporate - ANSWER Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, Asthma Patients with COPD have trouble getting air ______ - ANSWER out T/F: An EMT may assist with the administration of a patient's nitro (with base station contact) for a respiratory distress secondary to COPD exacerbation - ANSWER False - they can do so with CHF exacerbation An EMT may assist with the administration of a patient's nitro with base station contact up to what dose - ANSWER 2 mg (0.4mg dose every 2-3 min up to 5 doses) An EMT may assist with a patient's own MDI to a total of how many doses before contacting base station - ANSWER 5 Leads V1 - V6 re known as the _________ leads - ANSWER Precordial Leads Leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF are known as the _________ leads - ANSWER Limb Leads Leads II, III and aVF are looking at what portion of the heart - ANSWER Inferior Leads I, aVL, V5 and V6 are looking at what portion of the heart - ANSWER Lateral Leads V1 and V2 are looking at what portion of the heart - ANSWER Septal Leads V3 and V4 are looking at what portion of the heart - ANSWER Anterior The green electrode goes on what limb - ANSWER Right Leg (RL) The P wave represents what - ANSWER atrial depolarization The QRS represents what - ANSWER ventricular depolarization The T wave represents what - ANSWER ventricular repolarization The J point is located where - ANSWER The beginning of the ST segment There is an R wave on every other bold line, what is the HR - ANSWER 150 bpm Cardioversion uses what energy setting - ANSWER <120J A 12 lead print out shows how many seconds of electrical activity in the heart - ANSWER 10 seconds Each small notch at the top of the tracing paper represents how many seconds - ANSWER 3 seconds The SA node sends a wave of depolarization to which area of the heart - ANSWER AV node Patients with atrial fibrillation are commonly prescribed which medications - ANSWER Anticoagulant Calcium Channel Blockers When treating patients with a STEMI, MONA/FONA stands for what - ANSWER Morphine/Fentanyl Oxygen Nitro Aspirin What does ROSC mean - ANSWER Return of spontaneous circulation What is a pediatric dose of aspirin - ANSWER Contact Mary Bridge (there is no standard dose) What concentration of Epi are EMTs allowed to administer - ANSWER 1:1000 dose: 0.3 - 0.5 mg (adult) or 0.15 (children up to 66 lbs) According to the Pierce County Protocols, Ibuprofen should be administered with how much water - ANSWER 8 oz At what BGL is considered being hypoglycemia in a pediatric patient? - ANSWER <60 mg/dL List the medications an EMT can provide without base station contact: - ANSWER Acetaminophen Aspirin Epinephrine Ibuprofen Oral Glucose Oxygen Narcan Nerve Agent Antidote List the medications an EMT can assist with: - ANSWER Nitroglycerin Metered Dose Inhaler