PSYC 110; Midterm Exam - Latest Guide 2019/20 Devry Uiversity.

PSYC 110 Midterm Exam (TCOs 1, 2) Participants in research early in psychology’s history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color, shape, texture, and other aspects of their conscious experience. Th ...

PSYC 110 Midterm Exam (TCOs 1, 2) Participants in research early in psychology’s history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color, shape, texture, and other aspects of their conscious experience. These individuals would have been using a method called (Points : 2) Hypnosis Objective introspection Psychosurgery Psychoanalysis (TCOs 1,2) Sally proposes the idea that one’s sexual history prior to marriage may be linked to whether one ends up getting divorced. This best represents which step of the scientific method? (Points : 2) Testing the hypothesis Observing events Forming a hypothesis Formulating a theory (TCO 4) As part of a psychology experiment, Brett decides to measure a person’s “anxiety” by noting the number of blinks a person makes in a 20-minute social interaction with a stranger. Brett appears to have offered a(n) _____ of anxiety. (Points : 2) Variable Operational definition Theory Hypothesis (TCO 4) In a laboratory, smokers are asked to “drive” using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver’s seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, thedependent variable is _____. (Points : 2) The use of nicotine The use of a driving simulator The number of collisions The driving skills of each driver (TCO 4) John Russell has color blindness. He is most likely to have difficulty doing which of the following? (Points : 2) Distinguishing red from blue Distinguishing red from green Distinguishing blue from yellow Distinguishing red from yellow (TCOs 2, 3) Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain, resulting in the paralysis of her left arm. What part of Marta’s brain was injured?(Points : 2) Auditory association are Motor cortex Association areas Somatosensory cortex (TCOs 2, 3) As Joe walks to his car late at night, he hears footsteps behind him. Feeling afraid, Joe grips his keys and quickens his pace. It is likely that Joe’s _____ has been activated. (Points : 2) Hypothalamus Hippocampus Amygdala Cerebellum (TCOs 2, 3) A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called a (Points : 2) Synaptic vesicle Nerve Neurilemma Myelinated pathway (TCOs 2, 3) The function of the neuron’s axon is to (Points : 2) Carry messages to other cells Regulate the neuron’s life processes Receive messages from neighboring neurons Insulate against leakage of electrical impulses (TCOs 2, 3) _____ are holes in the surface of the dendrites, or certain cells of the muscles and glands that are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters. (Points : 2) Neurotransmitters Axons Synaptic vesicles Receptor sites (TCO 5) You see an advertisement for a method of learning a foreign language that seems simple—just put on a tape and fall asleep. The accompanying description cites proof that people can learn while asleep. Being a good psychological detective, what question would you ask about the offered proof? (Points : 2) Did the individuals actually dream about the foreign language? What did the EEG indicate about the participants’ level of sleep? Did the researchers use only long sleepers who would spend more time with the tapes? Were study breaks included in the tape to provide greater comprehension of the material? (TCO 5) A client tells his therapist about a dream in which he drives his wife to the airport where she boards a plane. As the plane takes off, he is smiling. The therapist says the dream suggests a desire for a divorce. The therapist’s interpretation represents what Sigmund Freud called the dream’s ________. (Points : 2) Deep content Latent content Manifest content Subliminal content (TCOs 7, 8) Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry, her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry by drooling and whining. She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry, the sound of the door had become a(n) (Points : 2) Unconditioned stimulus Conditioned stimulus Unconditioned response Conditioned response (TCOs 7, 8) John has been working on a math problem late at night without success; he falls asleep. Upon awakening, John suddenly realizes how to answer the problem. This best illustrates which of the following? (Points : 2) Observational learning Latent learning Insight learning Cognitive learning (TCOs 7, 8) A young child watches her mother make pancakes. She wants to please her mother so she pays attention. However, when she goes to make them on her own, she can’t break the eggs for the batter without making a terrible mess and dropping them on the floor, no matter how hard she tries. Her attempt failed because of a problem with which part of the necessary components for observational learning? (Points : 2) Attention Memory Imitation Desire (TCO 7) Adrianna is trying to memorize the names of the bones in the hand. She had gone through a list of them when her phone rang. After she gets off the phone, she is MOST likely to remember the first few bone names because of the (Points : 2) Elaboration effect Recency effect Primacy effect Maintenance effect (TCO 7) Which of the following pairings would result in the best overall memory? (Points : 2) Sad during learning and happy at recall Happy during learning and sad during recall Serious during learning and serious during recall Intoxicated during learning and sober during recall (TCO 8) Seventy percent of the students in a classroom are women and 30 percent are men. One student is described as ambitious, athletic, and assertive. Why are most people likely to think this description refers to a male student? (Points : 2) They are using the availability heuristic They are using the representativeness heuristic People seek only confirming information People tend to make relative comparisons (TCO 8) Tim and Jim are identical twins who were raised apart. Ned and Ed are fraternal twins who were raised together. Which pair of twins will have more similar IQ scores, if either? (Points : 2) Tim and Jim Ned and Ed It is impossible to answer based on the given information All twins have the same IQ (TCO 8) Sally is enrolled in a high school geometry course, which she describes as “drawing figures and figuring drawings.” In a typical class, students draw geometric figures and use a formula to calculate an aspect of the figure, such as its area. Each time Sally uses a formula, she is making use of what psychologists call (Points : 2) Heuristic Logarithms Algorithms Convergence (TCO 8) Which of the following statements about gifted people is true? (Points : 2) They are more likely to suffer from mental illnesses They are physically weaker than nongifted persons They are often skilled leaders They are socially unskilled (TCO 9) A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs, such as hunger or thirst. This psychologist’s philosophy most closely matches the _____ theory. (Points : 2) Reciprocity Homeostatic Needs Drive-reduction (TCO 9) Jack said, “I want to rule the world.” What type of need is this? (Points : 2) Need for achievement Need for affiliation Need for power Need for sex (TCO 9) You are walking in the forest and see a bear. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what happens next? (Points : 2) You experience physiological changes followed by fear You feel fear followed by physiological changes You experience physiological changes and a feeling of fear simultaneously You experience physiological changes and context appraisal followed by fear (TCO 9) Sam is known to be the fastest worker in the mail room. He has worked in the mail room for only a short time, but prides himself on being competent and a quick learner. He often gets positive comments from coworkers and his boss, which helps to motivate him and has a positive effect as he continues to challenge himself at work. As a result of his efficient style, he is also given more freedom than other workers, because his boss is impressed by his ability to sort and organize mail. Sam is likely to be _____ motivated as he continues to challenge and push himself to perform even better each day. (Points : 2) Intrinsically Extrinsically Superiorly Withinsically (TCO 9) Jack said, “I want to rule the world.” What type of need is this? (Points : 2) Need for achievement Need for affiliation Need for power Need for sex (TCO 9) Although Kim just ate a huge meal and feels “stuffed,” the idea of a chocolate sundae is too good to pass up. Which motivational term explains the appeal of the sundae? (Points : 2) Incentive Instinctive Drive reduction Cognitive dissonance (TCO 11) Carolyn took home some printer paper from the office. Later, she felt guilty for stealing it, so she brought some paper to work to replace what she took. Freud would suggest that Carolyn’s _____ was influencing her motives and behavior. (Points : 2) ID Unconscious mind Ego Superego (TCO 11) Donita is angry with her boss, so she leaves work a little early in order to run an extra mile before it gets dark. Which defense mechanism is Donita employing? (Points : 2) Repression Reaction formation Rationalization Sublimation (TCO 11) What was the basis for Freud’s development of his theory of the Oedipus conflict? (Points : 2) He did not believe that the stories his female patients told about having been sexually abused by their fathers and other family members were real memories He felt that we were biologically prewired to go through this conflict at certain ages, regardless of our surroundings or experience He felt that women, by definition, were born neurotic and the Oedipus conflict gave value to that belief. He observed that all women were unconsciously angry at their own children and developed the theory of the Oedipus conflict as a result (TCO 11) Which theories are less concerned with the explanation of personality development and changing personality than they are with describing personality and predicting behavior based on that description? (Points : 2) Trait theories Psychodynamic theories Archetype theories Behaviorist theories (TCO 11) A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, person, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a _____ psychologist. (Points : 2) Psychodynamic Social Cognitive Psychoanalytic Trait (TCO 11) Travis is a participant in the X-Games every year, which features events that are high-flying and exhilarating to watch or participate in, but also very dangerous to the competitors. Because Travis is willing to take chances with his health to get the adrenaline rush from these sorts of events, Cost and McCrae would argue that he ranks high on which of the five factors? (Points : 2) Openness Neuroticism Conscientiousness Extraversion (TCOs 2, 3, 4) What are the primary functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the peripheral nervous system? Describe a situation or experience in which activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions has occurred. (Points : 10) The sympathetic division is responsible for controlling actions that are activated in stressful, angry, or fearful situations, while the parasympathetic is responsible for… (TCOs 2, 3, 4) You decide to go to work for a presidential candidate in the next election. You think that the way for you to get folks to vote for your candidate is to use some psychology. So, you make a deal with a soft-drink company to insert a picture of your candidate into its commercials for only a brief instant. It will be so quick that no one will notice the picture. That way, the candidate’s image will enter viewers’ subconscious minds and make them vote for your candidate. What psychological process are you trying to use and will it likely work? (Points : 10) (TCOs 5, 7) What are the main differences between physical dependence and psychological dependence? Give examples of both types of dependence. (Points : 10) Physical and psychological dependence are somewhat similar but have unique differences between the two. Physical Dependence defined by the appearance of characteristic withdrawal symptoms when the substance is no longer being regularly used. As an individual uses… (TCOs 7, 8) Agatha Harkness-Smythe is determined to ban guns in the United States. This is a controversial topic and social scientists have debated whether the ownership of guns by citizens increases or decreases crime. Agatha could go the library and research this, using the social science literature. Instead, Agatha just reads the local newspaper and only cuts out articles about robberies where the “bad guy” used a firearm. Agatha is using a heuristic device that is impeding or obstructing her thinking. Define this heuristic device. What might be a better way for her to examine the issue and avoid this mistake? (Points : 10) Agatha is using the Representativeness Heuristic in this situation. She seems to be biased against guns for unknown reasons … (TCOs 9, 11 ) What are the pros and cons of trait theories of personality? (Points : 10) Social cognitive theorist Walter Mischel (Pg 520) has said, there is a trait-situation interaction in which the particular circumstance of any given situation are assumed to influence the way in which a trait is expressed”. This means that there are unique pros and cons to using … (TCOs 7, 8) The other day, you had to remember some items for an important exam. You are sure you studied them and knew them before you entered the classroom. However, you drew a blank when you took the test. What happened? Why might you not have remembered them? What might you have done to avoid this? (Points : 10) (TCOs 7, 8) What is meant by a flashbulb memory? Describe its characteristics. Give an example that is well-known. Some psychologists are not impressed by these well-known examples of this phenomenon. What are some of the criticisms of the idea of flashbulb memory? (Points : 10)