You have been hired by a large public school system to construct a musical aptitude test. Describe how you would standardize your test and assess its reliability and validity. Explain why it might be more difficult to de
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You have been hired by a large public school system to construct a musical aptitude test. Describe how you would standardize your test and assess its reliability and validity. Explain why it might be more difficult to develop a valid musical aptitude test than a reliable one. Correct Answer It is difficult to develop a valid musical aptitude test because most of the time, the measures of the aptitude are misunderstood and demands that are unrealistic, made on them. Validity should be seen as construct validity. The problem sources are in two groups. The first group uses composite validity criteria. This forms the assumption that they are not dimensional. The second one uses subject groups. The groups do not represent the distribution of the construct in whole. In order to maximize the ecological validity, composite measures must be used as the criteria for validity. When there are several constructs of a composite, the multidimensional is the best predictor. In that case, there are similar proportions and properties of the criterion and predictor. Validity is also harder to obtain as in most cases the people that have been studied do not represent the population in general. The music variables range of the sample studied is less or more restricted. The musical aptitude of the group is not a representation of the whole variance. This is because the success of the studies in the music can only be seen in individuals who and they are always selected in a particular way. Validation of a measure is never completed as when new information comes up it affects the test. In order to standardize the test, I will make sure that it meets its objective. This will be done by giving the test several times with the goal of acquiring the same results every time. Reliability is more attainable because the test does not have to be perfect and it is not easily affected by variances.
Heike's older brother suffers from major depressive disorder. Unfortunately, Heike has been incorrectly informed by her parents that there is a 40 percent chance she will also suffer from depression. Explain how the availability heuristic, framing, the confirmation bias, and belief perseverance might lead Heike to conclude that she will definitely develop the symptoms of major depressive disorder. Correct Answer Heuristic: She is going to remember that she has a chance of getting depression and she will probably always remember it is 40%. She'll also connect the chance of getting depression to her brother, which makes that chance even more realistic. Confirmation Bias: If she has a bad day, a bad experience, or has feelings she doesn't exactly understand, she may automatically assume she has depression because she was told she has a chance of suffering from depression. Belief Perseverance: If she is told otherwise by a doctor or psychologist, she will have a hard time letting go of the 40% chance her parents had told her about. Framing: Since her own parents told her she has a chance of depression, and she knows her brother has a severe case, the fact she has a chance will also affect her. The way her parents told her is also framing, because they told her the chance she will get depression, instead of the 60% she has of not getting depression.
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