Managing Engineering and Technology, 7e Lucy Morse, Daniel Babcock (Test Bank)

Test Bank for Managing Engineering and Technology, 7e Lucy Morse, Daniel Babcock. Managing Engineering and Technology Managing Engineering and Technology Contents Preface What’s New in This Edition? For the Instr ...

Test Bank for Managing Engineering and Technology, 7e Lucy Morse, Daniel Babcock. Managing Engineering and Technology Managing Engineering and Technology Contents Preface What’s New in This Edition? For the Instructor Part I Introduction to Engineering Management 1 Engineering and Management Preview Learning Objectives Engineering Origins of Engineering Heritage of the Engineer Beginnings of Engineering Education Engineering as a Profession What Engineers Do Engineering Engineers Types of Engineers Engineering Employment Engineering Jobs in an Organization Management Management Defined Management Levels Managerial Skills Managerial Roles—What Managers Do Functions of Managers Management: Art or Science? Engineering Management: A Synthesis What Is Engineering Management? Need for Engineers in Management Management and the Engineering Career Discussion Questions Sources Statistical Sourcebook 2 Historical Development of Engineering Management Preview Learning Objectives Origins Ancient Civilizations The Arsenal of Venice The Industrial Revolution End of Cottage Industry Problems of the Factory System Industrial Development in America Development of Engineering Education Management Philosophies Scientific Management Charles Babbage Henry Towne and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Frederick W. Taylor The Gilbreths Growth and Implications of Scientific Management Administrative Management Henri Fayol Max Weber and Bureaucracy Russell Robb Lyndall Urwick Behavioral Management Hawthorne Studies Abilene Paradox Contemporary Contributions Quality Management Customer Focus Project Management Globalization Management Theory and Leadership Discussion Questions Sources Part II Functions of Technology Management 3 Leading Technical People Preview Learning Objectives Leadership Nature of Leadership Paths to Leadership Leadership Traits Myers–Briggs Preferences People/Task Matrix Approaches The Leadership Grid Hersey and Blanchard Life Cycle Theory and Situational Leadership Contingency Approaches Leadership Continuum Servant Leadership Transformational Leadership and the Full Range Model Other Viewpoints Motivation Introduction McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Content versus Process Theories Content Theories Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Physiological Needs Security/Safety Needs Affiliation Needs Esteem Needs Self-Actualization Needs Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory McClelland’s Trio of Needs Process Theories Equity Theory Expectancy Theory The Porter–Lawler Extension Behavior Modification Motivating and Leading Technical Professionals General Nature of the Technical Professional Differences among Technical Professionals Scientists versus Engineers Leading Technical Professionals Dimensions of Technical Leadership Leading as Orchestration Breakpoint Leadership Use of Motivational Theories by Engineers Discussion Questions Sources Statistical Sourcebook 4 Planning and Forecasting Preview Learning Objectives Nature of Planning Importance of Planning The Planning/Decision-Making Process The Foundation for Planning Strategic Planning Management by Objectives Some Planning Concepts Responsibility for Planning Planning Premises Planning Horizon Systems of Plans Policies and Procedures Forecasting Qualitative Methods Jury of Executive Opinion Delphi Method Sales Force Composite Users’ Expectation Choice of Method Quantitative Methods Simple Moving Average Weighted Moving Average Exponential Smoothing Regression Models Multiple Regression Technological Forecasting Strategies for Managing Technology Invention and Innovation Managing Technological Change Discussion Questions Problems Sources Statistical Sourcebook 5 Decision Making Preview Learning Objectives Nature of Decision Making Relation to Planning Occasions for Decision Types of Decisions Routine and Nonroutine Decisions Objective Versus Bounded Rationality Level of Certainty Management Science Origins Models and Their Analysis The Analyst and the Manager Tools for Decision Making Categories of Decision Making Decision Making Under Certainty Linear Programming Computer Solution Decision Making Under Risk Nature of Risk Expected Value Queuing (Waiting-Line) Theory Risk as Variance Decision Making Under Uncertainty Game Theory Computer-Based Information Systems Integrated Databases and the Cloud Management Information/Decision Support Systems Expert Systems Implementation Discussion Questions Problems Sources 6 Organizing Preview Learning Objectives Nature of Organizing Legal Forms of Organization Organizing Defined Organizing by Key Activities Traditional Organization Theory Patterns of Departmentation Span of Control Factors Determining Effective Spans Recent Trends in Spans Line and Staff Functions and Relationships Technology and Modern Organization Structures The Woodward and Aston Studies Teams Impact of the Information Revolution Discussion Questions Sources 7 Some Human Aspects of Organizing Preview Learning Objectives Staffing Technical Organizations Human Resource Planning Hiring Technical Professionals Hiring Managers Job Requisition/Description Finding the Job: The Applicant’s Viewpoint Résumé and Cover Letter Campus Interview Reference Checks Site Visits Starting Salary Job Offer Job Application Process—Employer Viewpoint Orientation and Training Appraising Performance Authority and Power Nature of Authority Formal Authority Acceptance Theory of Authority Sources of Power Status and Culture Delegation Assignment, Delegation, and Accountability Reasons for Delegation Barriers to Delegation for Engineers Decentralization Committees Reasons for Using Committees Policy Making and Administration Representation Sharing Knowledge and Expertise Securing Cooperation in Execution Teams Discussion Questions Sources Statistical Sourcebook 8 Controlling Preview Learning Objectives The Process of Control Steps in the Control Process Mechanical Process Control Three Perspectives on the Timing of Control Feedback Control Screening or Concurrent Control Feedforward Control Characteristics of Effective Control Systems Financial Controls Budgets Budgeting Process Cost Accounting Financial Statements Ratio Analysis Audits of Financial Data Financial Control Process Human Resource Controls Management Audits Human Resource Accounting Social Controls Other Nonfinancial Controls Discussion Questions Problems Sources Part III Managing Technology 9 Managing Research and Development Preview Learning Objectives Product and Technology Life Cycles Nature of Research and Development R&D Defined Distribution by Expenditure and Performance Research Strategy and Organization New Product Strategies Corporate Research Organizations Selecting R&D Projects Need for Selection Initial Screening Quantitative Approaches Making R&D Organizations Successful R&D and Business Strategy Evaluating R&D Effectiveness Organizational Effectiveness Individual Effectiveness Support for R&D Creativity, Innovation, Entrepreneurship Nature of Creativity The Creative Process Brainstorming and Other Techniques for Creativity Characteristics of Creative People Providing a Creative Environment Creativity and Innovation Technological Gatekeepers in R&D Organizations Entrepreneurship Discussion Questions Problems Sources 10 Managing Engineering Design Preview Learning Objectives Nature of Engineering Design Systems Engineering/New Product Development Tasks/Stages in Systems Engineering Disposal Stage Concurrent Engineering Concurrent (Simultaneous) Engineering Control Systems in Design Drawing/Design Release Configuration Management Design Review Design Criteria Product Liability Reducing Liability Reliability Significance of Reliability Reliability and Risk Defined Simple Reliability Models Simple Series Model Simple Parallel Model Series–Parallel Models Bathtub Curve Model Developing Reliability over the Product Life Cycle Designing for Reliability Flattening the Bathtub Curve Reliability Growth The Reliability Profession Other Criteria in Design Maintainability Availability Human Factors Standardization Producibility Value Engineering/Analysis Discussion Questions Problems Sources 11 Planning Production Activity Preview Learning Objectives Introduction Vital Nature of Production The Engineer in Production Activity Types of Positions Use of Engineers Future Demands on Manufacturing Engineers Planning Manufacturing Facilities Plant Location Plant Design Plant Layout Quantitative Tools in Production Planning Inventory Control Types of Inventory Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Problems with EOQ Analysis Break-Even Charts Learning Curves Production Planning and Control Introduction Steps in Production Planning Production Planning and Control Systems Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Synchronized Manufacturing Just-in-Time (JIT) Model Changeover Manufacturing Systems Flexible Manufacturing Systems Some Definitions Advantages of an FMS Lean Manufacturing Supply Chain Management Discussion Questions Problems Sources 12 Managing Quality and Production Operations Preview Learning Objectives Assuring Product Quality Some Definitions Quality Costs Statistics of Quality Process Control Charts Inspection and Sampling Total Quality Management Taguchi Methods Deming’s 14 Points Quality Teams Productivity Productivity Defined Manufacturing Productivity—International Comparisons Maintenance and Facilities (Plant) Engineering Scope of Maintenance Types of Maintenance Some Maintenance Management Considerations Size of Maintenance Staff Work Orders Work Scheduling Repair Parts Inventory Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Other Facilities and Plant Engineering Functions Other Manufacturing Functions Human Resources (Personnel) Management Purchasing and Materials Management Importance of Purchasing The Engineer in Purchasing Discussion Questions Problems Sources 13 Engineers in Marketing and Service Activities Preview Learning Objectives Marketing and the Engineer What Is Marketing? The Process of Marketing The 4PS of the Marketing Mix Marketing and Engineers—Partnerships, R&D, and Technical Sales Engineers in the Service Economy Importance of Service-Producing Industries Characteristics of the Service Sector Some Specific Service Industry Examples Computer Applications Government Service Engineering and Sustainability—Green Engineering College Teaching and Research Biomedical Engineering and the Healthcare Discussion Questions Sources Part IV Managing Projects 14 Project Planning and Acquisition Preview Learning Objectives Characteristics of a Project The Project Proposal Process Preproposal Effort Proposal Preparation Proposal Contents Internally Driven Projects Project Planning Tools Scope Schedule Monitoring and Controlling Reducing Project Duration Crashing the Project Earned Value System Closing Discussion Questions Problems Sources 15 Project Organization, Leadership, and Control Preview Learning Objectives Project Organization The Project-Driven Organization Elements of the Project-Driven Organization Projectized Versus Functional Organizations Conducting Projects Within the Functional Organization The Projectized Organization Comparing the Two Matrix Management Organization Structure and Project Success The Project Manager Characteristics of Effective Project Managers Technical Skills Administrative Skills Interpersonal Skills Developing Project Management Skills The Project Manager’s Charter Motivating Project Performance Team Building Managing Conflict Sources of Conflict Methods of Conflict Management Keys to Project Success Customer Communications Early Learning Path Types of Contracts Fixed-Price Contracts Cost Type Contracts Discussion Questions Sources Part V Managing Your Engineering Career 16 Engineering Ethics Preview Learning Objectives Professional Ethics and Conduct Some Definitions Engineering Codes of Ethics Corporate Codes of Ethics Ethical Problems in Consulting and Construction Ethical Problems in Industrial Practice Summary: Making Ethical Decisions Discussion Questions Sources Case Study Websites 17 Achieving Effectiveness as an Engineer Preview Learning Objectives Getting off to the Right Start Background Regarding Your Work Do Not Wait for Others—Get Things Done Go the Extra Mile—and Hour Look for Visibility Learn the Corporate Culture Regarding Your Manager Be as Careful as You Can in Selecting Your Manager Keep Your Manager Informed Make Your Manager’s Job Easy Regarding Associates and Outsiders In Dealing with Customers and Other Outsiders, Remember that You Represent Your Organization Charting Your Career Defining Career Success Career Fields Career Stages Communicating Your Ideas Importance of Communication Some Definitions Importance to the Engineer Importance to the Manager Modeling the Communication Process Communication Methods Compared Characteristics Retention of Information Effectiveness Other Factors in Effective Communication Active Listening Nonverbal Communication Communication Tools of Special Importance to the Engineer The Written Report The Oral Briefing or Presentation Visual Aids Staying Technically Competent The Threat of Obsolescence The Knowledge Explosion Obsolescence Defined Organizational Obsolescence Methods of Reducing Obsolescence Mastering the Technical Literature Continuing Education On-the-Job Activity Professional Activity Professional Societies Types and Purpose of Technical Societies Reasons for Getting Involved Technical Papers and Publications Accreditation, Registration, and Certification ABET Accreditation Professional Engineering Registration Certification Diversity in Engineering and Management Women as Engineering Students Other Underrepresented Groups in Engineering Management and the Engineer Relation to the Engineering Career Need for Engineers in Top Management Should You Choose Management? Why Technologists Switch Making the Right Choice for You The Dual Career Ladder Preparing for Managerial Responsibilities Requirements Formal Degree Programs Nondegree Coursework Experiential Training Managing Your Time Work Smarter, Not Longer Time Wasters and What to Do About Them Tools of Time Management List Goals and Set Priorities Make a Daily Action List Make a Time Log Handle Each Email Once if Possible Consider Your Energy Cycle and Your Environment Discussion Questions Sources 18 Globalization and Challenges for the Future Preview Learning Objectives Globalization European Union The State of Globalization Today Multinational Organizations Japanese Management Styles International Trade Agreements North American Free Trade Agreement and the USMCA World Trade Organization Management in Developing Countries Background Characteristics of Developing Countries Ethical Considerations Significance for the Engineering Career Engineering Grand Challenges Sustainability Health Vulnerability Joy of Living Future Considerations in Engineering and Management The Information Revolution Education and the Technological Society The Flattened World Demographics Food, Energy, Materials, and the Environment Changes in the Engineering Career Discussion Questions Sources Global Websites