Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology, 3rd Edition, 3e by William J. Ray TEST BANK

Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology, 3rd Edition, 3e by William J. Ray TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9781071807262 FULL CHAPTERS INCLUDED Chapter 1 • An Overview of Psychopathology and Changing Conceptualizations of Mental Ill ...

Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology, 3rd Edition, 3e by William J. Ray TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9781071807262 FULL CHAPTERS INCLUDED Chapter 1 • An Overview of Psychopathology and Changing Conceptualizations of Mental Illness Understanding Psychopathology: Definitions and Key Considerations Defining Psychopathology and Understanding Its Components Impact of Mental Disorders Stigma and Mental Disorders LENS: American Attitudes Toward Mental Illness The Three Major Themes of This Book Levels of Analysis Biopsychosocial Approach The Relation of Evolution and Culture to Psychopathology Is Psychopathology Universal? Cultural LENS: Global Mental Health: Available Treatment Historical Considerations in Understanding Psychopathology Ancient Greek and Roman Influences—Mental Illness Involves the Brain Psychopathology in the Middle Ages From the Renaissance to the 1700s—The Beginning of Modern Science Discovering the Function of the Brain in Behavior and Psychopathology The 1700s to the 1900s A Growing Understanding of the Role of Evolution A Search for Organization Care for Those With Mental Disorders From the Past to the Present LENS: Closing Mental Hospitals in America Biological Approaches to Treating Mental Illness Psychological Treatment Perspectives in the Twentieth Century Psychodynamic Perspectives on Treatment Sigmund Freud Existential-Humanistic Perspectives Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Perspectives Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 2 • Neuroscience Approaches to Understanding Psychopathology The Growing Importance of Neuroscience, Genetics, and an Evolutionary Perspective Brain Anatomy, Neurons, and Neurotransmitters A Quick Review of Brain Anatomy and Function Neurons and Neural Transmission How Does the Neuron Pass Information? Major Neurotransmitters Encoding Information How Do We Observe the Brain at Work? Electroencephalography Evoked Potentials Magnetoencephalography Positron Emission Tomography Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diffusion Tensor Imaging Spatial and Temporal Resolution Cultural LENS: Using Brain Imaging to Understand Culture Neuroethics LENS: Neuroethics: Ethical Considerations When Using Neuroscience Techniques Networks of the Brain Neurons Connect in a Network What Is the Brain’s Default (Intrinsic) Network? Different Networks Are Involved in Different Tasks Genetics and Psychopathology The Study of Genetics What Do Genes Do? DNA How Do Genes Influence Behavior? Epigenetic Processes Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Inheritance What Are Endophenotypes? Evolution and Psychopathology The Themes of Evolution Psychopathology From an Evolutionary Perspective Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 3 • Research Methods What Is Science? Nonexperimental Methods of Psychological Research Case Study Naturalistic Observation: Just Looking Correlational Approach: What Goes With What The Experimental Method: Making It Happen Definitions in the Experimental Method Does Playing Music Change the Brain? Logic and Inference: The Detective Work of Science Validity What Do I Expect to Happen? Designing an Experimental Study Participants in the Study Putting Participants in Groups Designing and Structuring the Experimental Study Is the Dependent Variable Related to the Independent Variable? Null Hypothesis and Inferential Statistics Confound Hypothesis Research Hypothesis Cultural LENS: Randomized Controlled Trials of Global Mental Health Treatments in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Other Types of Experimental Designs and Research Considerations Single-Subject Designs Longitudinal Research Epidemiological Research Research Involving Genetics Behavioral Genetics Clinical and Statistical Significance Replication and Meta-Analysis LENS: Treatment and Clinical Perspectives: Failure to Publish the Results of All Clinical Trials Is Hurting Medical Science Ethics and the Scientific Experiment The Experiment as an Ethical Problem Ingredients of the Initial Scientist–Participant Dialogue Voluntary Participation Informed Consent The Rights of the Research Participant and the Responsibilities of the Experimenter What Is Harmful to a Research Participant? The Institutional Review Board The Ethical Relationship Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 4 • Assessment and Classification of Psychological Disorders Initial Assessment and the Mental Status Exam The Clinical Interview The Mental Status Exam Structured Interviews and Assessment Considerations Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders Assessing Cultural Dimensions Reliability and Validity in Relation to Psychopathology Reliability Cultural LENS: Empirically Supported Research Approaches and Cultural Competence Assessment Validity Models of Assessment Symptom Questionnaires Personality Tests Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Projective Tests Rorschach Inkblots Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Neuropsychological Testing Neuropsychological Tests and Mental Illness Using Neuroscience Techniques to Identify Mental Illness Diagnostic Considerations in Psychopathology Categorical Versus Dimensional Approaches Comorbidity, Internalizing Disorders, and Externalizing Disorders Utilizing Neuroscience Methods in Diagnosis and Treatment Classification Systems for Mental Disorders International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Origins of the DSM Early Versions of the DSM and the Eventual Focus on Diagnostic Criteria DSM–5: The Current Version LENS: Assessment, Classification, and Clinical Practice: The RDoC Alternative to the DSM Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 5 • Childhood and Adolescent-Onset Disorders Important Aspects of Normal Childhood Development Brain Development Effects of Early Life Stress Theories of Attachment Harry Harlow’s Experiments With Infant Monkeys John Bowlby’s Research on Attachment Mary Ainsworth’s Work and Styles of Attachment Long-Term Consequences of Early Attachment Patterns Imitation Learning Cultural LENS: Romania Adoption Study Theory of Mind Adolescence Social Brain in Adolescence Risk Taking in Adolescence Brain Systems Involved in Social Relations Attachment Disorders, Conduct Disorder, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Attachment Disorders Conduct Disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder Case of Robert: Conduct Disorder Treatment for Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Cultural LENS: School Shootings Around the World Autism Spectrum Disorder Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Understanding Changes in DSM–5: Autism Spectrum Disorder Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder Brain Contributions to Autism Spectrum Disorder Ability to Systemize in Autism Special Talents Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disorders ADHD Prevalence and Characteristics of ADHD Causes of ADHD LENS: Do Adults With ADHD Have a Different Disorder From That Seen in Children? Treatment for ADHD Learning Disabilities Intellectual Developmental Disorder Characteristics of Intellectual Developmental Disorder Levels of Functioning Causes of Intellectual Developmental Disorder IDD Related to Chromosomes IDD Related to Metabolism IDD Related to Gestation Treatment for Intellectual Developmental Disorder Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 6 • Mood Disorders and Suicide Introducing Mood Disorders Cultural LENS: Mood Disorders Around the World Major Depressive Disorder Characteristics and Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder Causes of Depression Understanding Changes in DSM–5—Grief Exception Developmental Aspects of Depression Cognitive Model of Depression Are Depression and Inflammation Related? Evidence That Depression Runs in Families The Evolutionary Perspective Concerning Depression Resource Conservation LENS: Everyday Social Behavior During a Major Depressive Episode Social Competition Social Risk Hypothesis Treatment for Depression Biological and Neuroscience Treatments for Depression Medications for Depression Electroconvulsive Therapy Vagal Nerve Stimulation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Deep Brain Stimulation Psychological Treatments for Depression Cognitive Therapy Emotion-Focused Therapy Psychodynamic Therapy Efforts to Prevent Depression Bipolar Disorder Types and Characteristics of Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar I Disorder Bipolar II Disorder Cyclothymic Disorder Prevalence of Bipolar Disorder Causes of Bipolar Disorder Genetics of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder and Creativity Brain Imaging and Bipolar Disorder Neurotransmitter Dysregulation Environmental Factors Treatment for Bipolar Disorder Psychological Treatments for Bipolar Disorder Medications for Bipolar Disorder Suicide Cultural and Gender Differences in Suicide Suicide Underreporting and Methods Used in Suicide Attempts Endophenotypes and Suicide LENS: Suicide Among College Students Long-Term and Short-Term Factors Related to Suicide Suicide in the Military Preventing Suicide Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 7 • Stress, Trauma, and Psychopathology Psychological Stress and Psychopathology Does Trauma Produce Mental Illness? The Physiological Mechanisms Related to Stress and Trauma What Makes You Run From Bears? Stress and the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis The Autonomic Nervous System Psychological Stress and the Immune System Trauma Changes Our Genes Through Tagging (Epigenetics) Is Social Pain Like Physical Pain? The Study of Stress Does Fight or Flight Apply Equally to Males and Females? Does Social Stress Produce a Similar Reaction to Physical Stress? Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders in DSM–5 Adjustment Disorders Acute Stress Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Causes, Characteristics, and Prevalence of PTSD LENS: Does Debriefing Help Prevent PTSD? DSM–5 Criteria for PTSD Cultural LENS: Child Soldiers in Africa The Physiological Aspects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Case of Victoria English: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Understanding Changes in DSM–5: PTSD Definitions in DSM–IV and DSM–5 LENS: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Suicide in the Military Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 8 • Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Overview of Anxiety Disorders The Nature of Anxiety and Evolutionary Explanations Cognitive Processes in Anxiety Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders Developmental Aspects of Anxiety Models of Anxiety Development Cultural LENS: Global Mental Health: Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders Around the World Major Types of Anxiety Disorders Separation Anxiety Disorder Treatment for Separation Anxiety Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder Psychological Treatment Biological Treatment Social Anxiety Disorder Case of Adam Caldwell: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Neuroscience Aspects of Social Anxiety LENS: Anxiety and the Prescribing of Benzodiazepines Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder Agoraphobia Specific Phobia Neuroscience Aspects of Specific Phobias Treatment for Specific Phobias Panic Disorder Neuroscience Aspects of Panic Disorder Treatment for Panic Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Characteristics, Prevalence, and Significant Aspects of OCD Other DSM–5 Disorders Categorized With OCD Understanding Changes in DSM–5: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Brain Processes Associated With OCD Treatment for OCD Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 9 • Dissociative Disorders and Somatic Symptom Disorders Dissociative Disorders Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Two Case Studies: Depersonalization Dissociative Amnesia Case of Michael Boatwright: Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Identity Disorder LENS: Multiple Personality and the Media Treatment for Dissociative Disorders Understanding Changes in DSM–5: Dissociative Disorders Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Somatic System Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder Cultural LENS: Culture and Somatic Symptoms Conversion Disorder Factitious Disorder LENS: Awareness of the Body and the Brain Treatment for Somatic Symptom Disorders Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 10 • Eating Disorders Overview: Feeding Disorders, Obesity, and Eating Disorders Feeding Disorders Pica Rumination Disorder Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder The Problem of Obesity Neuroscience Aspects of Obesity Cultural LENS: Reducing Obesity Worldwide Differences in the View of Ideal Weight Between Males and Females The Major Eating Disorders LENS: Eating Disorders and Sports Anorexia Nervosa Characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa Neuroscience and Anorexia LENS: Eating Disorders and Your Gut Causes of Anorexia Nervosa Treating Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Characteristics and Prevalence of Bulimia Nervosa Causes of Bulimia Nervosa Treating Bulimia Nervosa Case of Anne Hart: Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating Disorder Treating Binge Eating Understanding Changes in DSM–5: Eating Disorders Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 11 • Sexual Disorders, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria Sexuality in Context Historical Perspectives Recent Studies on the Sexual Activities of Americans Sexual Desire, Arousal, and Response Your Brain and Sexual Activity Cultural LENS: Sexuality and the Clashing of Cultures Normal Sexual Functioning Sexual Dysfunction Disorders Erectile Disorder Female Orgasmic Disorder Delayed Ejaculation Early Ejaculation Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder Treatment Approaches for Sexual Dysfunction Disorders Sex Therapy Medications and Other Treatments Paraphilic Disorders Exhibitionistic Disorder Frotteuristic Disorder Fetishistic Disorder Pedophilic Disorder Sexual Masochism Disorder Sexual Sadism Disorder Transvestic Disorder Voyeuristic Disorder Other Paraphilic Disorders Causes and Treatment Approaches for Paraphilic Disorders Case of George Nadel: Court-Mandated Treatment for Child Pornography Possession Gender Dysphoria Gender Roles, Gender Identity, and Gender Dysphoria LENS: Transgender: Bruce Jenner’s Journey to Caitlyn Jenner Development, Characteristics, and Prevalence of Gender Dysphoria The Brain and Gender Dysphoria Providing Assistance for Individuals With Gender Dysphoria Understanding Changes in DSM–5: Sexual and Gender-Related Experiences Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 12 • Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Cultural LENS: Cultural and Historical Factors Related to Using Drugs Drug Use in the United States Substance Abuse, Dependence, and Addiction Substance Disorders in DSM–5 and ICD-10 Who Becomes Addicted? Genetic, Environmental, and Evolutionary Influences Pattern of Addiction Can Drugs Change Your Brain? Alcohol DSM–5 Alcohol-Related Disorders Understanding Changes in DSM–5: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Case of Richard Thompson: Alcohol Use Disorder Effects of Alcohol on the Human Body Moderate, Heavy, and Binge Drinking Rates of Drinking Do People Who Drink More Like It More? Marijuana, Hallucinogens, and Opioids Cannabis Cannabis and Psychosis LENS: The Legalization of Marijuana Hallucinogens Opioids Do You Have Opium Receptors in Your Brain? Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines, Caffeine, and Nicotine Cocaine Cocaine, Dopamine, and Your Brain Amphetamines Amphetamines as a Medicine Caffeine Tobacco and Nicotine Gambling Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders Principles of Effective Treatment LENS: Drug Use—Rehabilitation, Not Jail Psychosocial Therapies and Addiction The 12-Step Program Controlled Drinking Approaches Medications Used to Treat Addiction Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 13 • Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Basics: Prevalence, Course, and Symptoms Prevalence and Course of Schizophrenia Cultural LENs: Schizophrenia Around the World Positive and Negative Symptoms Positive Symptoms LENS: Elyn Saks Describes Her Day-to-Day Experiences With Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms Multilevel Process for Diagnosing Schizophrenia Are There Subtypes of Schizophrenia? Understanding Changes in DSM–5: Schizophrenia Historical and Evolutionary Perspectives on Schizophrenia Historical Perspective Case of James Stern: Schizophrenia Evolutionary Perspective Factors in the Development of Schizophrenia Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia Endophenotypes Associated With Schizophrenia Causes and Effects: Neuroscience Findings About Schizophrenia Schizophrenia and Brain Function What Brain Changes Are Seen in Schizophrenia? Ventricle Changes in Schizophrenia Schizophrenia and Brain Networks Neurotransmitters Involved in Schizophrenia How Are Cognitive Processes Changed in Schizophrenia? Treating Individuals With Schizophrenia LENS: Mercy Bookings of Mental Patients Antipsychotic Medications Psychosocial Interventions for Schizophrenia LENS: Mental Health Networks of Those With Serious Mental Health Disorders Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 14 • Personality Disorders Personality Disorders and Personality What Is a Personality Disorder? Comorbidity of Personality Disorders Cultural LENS: Global Mental Health: Personality Disorders Personality Disorders and Typical Personality Traits The Characteristics of a Healthy Self Typical Personality Traits Evolution and Different Personality Characteristics Maladaptive Personality Traits and Personality Disorders Categories and Dimensions Environmental and Genetic Studies of Personality Disorders Odd, Eccentric Personality Disorders Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder Case of Nathan James: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Dramatic Emotional Personality Disorders Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy Antisocial Personality Disorder Psychopathy Case of Jim Nelson: Mandated Treatment for Child Sexual Abuse Brain Involvement in Psychopathy Borderline Personality Disorder Case of Amy James: Borderline Personality Disorder Brain Studies of Those With Borderline Personality Disorder Trust and Borderline Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Case of Amy Porter: Histrionic Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Case of Dawn Nichols: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Anxious, Fearful Personality Disorders Avoidant Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Treatment of Personality Disorders Dialectical Behavior Therapy Other Proven Therapies for Treating Borderline Personality Disorder Treatments for Other Personality Disorders LENS: Marsha Linehan, Creating Dialectical Behavior Therapy From Her Own Experiences Understanding Changes in DSM–5: Personality Disorders Summary Study Resources Review Questions For Further Reading Key Terms and Concepts SAGE edge Chapter 15 • Neurocognitive Disorders Normal Cognitive Changes Related to Aging Do Cognitive Abilities Change With Age? Cultural LENS: Aging Around the World How the Brain Changes With Age Delirium Characteristics, Prevalence, and Causes of Delirium Case of Bobby Baldwin: Delirium Mild and Major Neurocognitive Disorders Characteristics, Prevalence, and Diagnosis of Neurocognitive Disorders Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease Characteristics, Prevalence, and Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Understanding Changes in DSM–5: Neurocognitive Disorders Neurofibrillary Tangles and Neuritic Plaques Genes and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging of Alzheimer’s Disease Other Neurocognitive Disorders Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder The Development of Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder in a Scientist and Artist Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Traumatic Brain Injury LENS: The Silent Epidemic of Concussion