Test Bank for Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 5th Edition, 5e by Susan A. Nolan, Thomas Heinzen ISBN-13: 9781319247195

Test Bank for Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 5th Edition, 5e by Susan A. Nolan, Thomas Heinzen TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9781319247195 FULL CHAPTERS INCLUDED Chapter 1 An Introduction to Statistics and Research ...

Test Bank for Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 5th Edition, 5e by Susan A. Nolan, Thomas Heinzen TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9781319247195 FULL CHAPTERS INCLUDED Chapter 1 An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design The Two Branches of Statistics Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics Distinguishing Between a Sample and a Population How to Transform Observations into Variables Discrete Observations Continuous Observations Variables and Research Independent, Dependent, and Confounding Variables Reliability and Validity Introduction to Hypothesis Testing Correlational Studies and the Danger of Confounding Variables Conducting Experiments to Control for Confounding Variables Between-Groups Design Versus Within-Groups Design Introduction to Data Ethics Review of Concepts SPSS Exercises Terms Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions Frequency Distributions Frequency Tables Grouped Frequency Tables Histograms Shapes of Distributions Normal Distributions Skewed Distributions Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 3 Visual Displays of Data Common Types of Graphs Scatterplots Line Graphs Bar Graphs Dot Plots Pictorial Graphs Pie Charts How to Build a Graph Choosing the Appropriate Type of Graph How to Read a Graph Guidelines for Creating a Graph The Future of Graphs Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 4 Central Tendency and Variability Central Tendency Mean: The Arithmetic Average Median: The Middle Score Mode: The Most Common Score How Outliers Affect Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Variability Range The Interquartile Range Variance Standard Deviation Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 5 Sampling and Probability Samples and their Populations Random Sampling Convenience Sampling Convenience Samples Can Create Generalizability Problems Random Assignment Probability Coincidence and Probability Expected Relative-Frequency Probability Independence and Probability Inferential Statistics Developing Hypotheses Making a Decision About a Hypothesis Type I and Type II Errors Type I Errors Type II Errors The Shocking Prevalence of Type I Errors Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 6 The Normal Curve, Standardization, and z Scores The Normal Curve Standardization, z Scores, and the Normal Curve The Need for Standardization Transforming Raw Scores into z Scores Transforming z Scores into Raw Scores Using z Scores to Make Comparisons Transforming z Scores into Percentiles The Central Limit Theorem Creating a Distribution of Means Characteristics of the Distribution of Means Using the Central Limit Theorem to Make Comparisons with z Scores Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 7 Hypothesis Testing with z Tests The z Table Raw Scores, z Scores, and Percentages The z Table and Distributions of Means The Assumptions and Steps of Hypothesis Testing The Three Assumptions for Conducting Analyses The Six Steps of Hypothesis Testing The z Test An Example of the z Test HARKing and p-Hacking Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 8 Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power The New Statistics Confidence Intervals Interval Estimates Calculating Confidence Intervals with z Distributions Effect Size The Effect of Sample Size on Statistical Significance What Effect Size Is Cohen’s d Meta-Analysis Statistical Power Making Correct Decisions Sample Size Planning Review of Concepts How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 9 The Single-Sample t Test and the Paired-Samples t Test The t Distributions Estimating Population Standard Deviation from a Sample Calculating Standard Error for the t Statistic Using Standard Error to Calculate the t Statistic The Single-Sample t Test The t Table and Degrees of Freedom The Six Steps of the Single-Sample t Test Calculating a Confidence Interval for a Single-Sample t Test Calculating Effect Size for a Single-Sample t Test The Paired-Samples t Test Distributions of Mean Differences The Six Steps of the Paired-Samples t Test Calculating a Confidence Interval for a Paired-Samples t Test Calculating Effect Size for a Paired-Samples t Test Replication and Reproducibility Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 10 The Independent-Samples t Test Conducting an Independent-Samples t Test A Distribution of Differences Between Means The Six Steps of the Independent-Samples t Test Reporting the Statistics Beyond Hypothesis Testing Calculating a Confidence Interval for an Independent-Samples t Test Calculating Effect Size for an Independent-Samples t Test Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 11 One-Way Between-Groups ANOVA Using the F Distributions with Three or More Samples Type I Errors When Making Three or More Comparisons The F Statistic as an Expansion of the z and t Statistics The F Distributions for Analyzing Variability to Compare Means The F Table The Language and Assumptions for ANOVA One-Way Between-Groups ANOVA Everything About ANOVA but the Calculations The Logic and Calculations of the F Statistic Making a Decision Beyond Hypothesis Testing for the One-Way Between-Groups ANOVA R2 and Omega Squared, Effect Sizes for ANOVA Post Hoc Tests The Tukey HSD Test Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 12 Two-Way Between-Groups ANOVA Two-Way ANOVA Why We Use Two-Way ANOVA The More Specific Vocabulary of Two-Way ANOVA Two Main Effects and an Interaction Understanding Interactions in ANOVA Interactions and Public Policy Interpreting Interactions Conducting a Two-Way Between-Groups ANOVA The Six Steps of Two-Way ANOVA Identifying Four Sources of Variability in a Two-Way ANOVA Effect Size for Two-Way ANOVA Variations on ANOVA Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 13 Correlation The Meaning of Correlation The Characteristics of Correlation Correlation Is Not Causation The Pearson Correlation Coefficient Calculating the Pearson Correlation Coefficient Hypothesis Testing with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient Correlation, Causation, and Big Data Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 14 Regression Simple Linear Regression Prediction Versus Relation Regression with z Scores Determining the Regression Equation The Standardized Regression Coefficient and Hypothesis Testing with Regression Interpretation and Prediction Regression and Error Applying the Lessons of Correlation to Regression Regression to the Mean Multiple Regression Understanding the Equation Multiple Regression in Everyday Life Ethical Landmines in Predicting Individual Behavior Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 15 Chi-Square Tests Nonparametric Statistics An Example of a Nonparametric Test When to Use Nonparametric Tests Chi-Square Tests Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit Chi-Square Test for Independence Adjusted Standardized Residuals Beyond Hypothesis Testing Cramér’s V, the Effect Size for Chi Square Graphing Chi-Square Percentages Relative Risk Review of Concepts SPSS How it Works Exercises Terms Chapter 16 Choosing and Reporting Statistics Choosing the Right Statistical Test Category 1: Two Scale Variables Category 2: Nominal Independent Variable(s) and a Scale Dependent Variable Category 3: Only Nominal Variables Reporting Statistics Overview of Reporting Statistics Justifying the Study Reporting the Traditional and the New Statistics Open Data Practices Review of Concepts