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Straighterline PSY 101 Exam Questions and Correct Answers (Complete Solution) Graded A+ Psychology ✔✔ A scientific discipline that studies behavior and mental processes. Science ✔✔ Any discipline that bases its legitimacy on systematic observation and provable hypotheses rather than on intuition or "common sense." Mental processes ✔✔ Private, internal states and operations such as thoughts, feelings and perceptions that cannot be seen or measured directly, but must be inferred from observable behavior. Structuralism ✔✔ An early psychological approach, developed by Wilhelm Wundt, which sought to understand the mind through analysis of its basic elements, determined through controlled introspection. Functionalism ✔✔ An early psychological approach, associated with William James, that focused on the functionality of mental processes and behaviors, rather than breaking down consciousness into basic elements. Psychodynamic perspective ✔✔ The psychological approach developed by Sigmund Freud that focuses on therapy and operates under the assumption that people's behavior is motivated by powerful, unconscious inner forces. Gestalt psychology ✔✔ A German school of psychology that focuses on how perception and thinking are organized into unified "wholes" ("gestalt" in German). Behavioral psychology ✔✔ The psychological approach that focuses on measuring overt behavior and influencing behavior through carefully engineered learning experiences. Neuroscience perspective ✔✔ The branch of psychology that focuses on the nervous system and physiological functions in the brain in order to explain behavior and mental processes. Cognitive psychology ✔✔ The psychological approach that focuses on mental processes: how people perceive, organize and remember information and how these processes affect behavior. Humanistic perspective ✔✔ The psychological approach that emphasizes free will and humans' innate tendencies to grow, develop and be in control of their lives and destinies. Sociocultural perspective ✔✔ The newest psychological perspective, this is one that insists that people cannot be fully understood without taking into account their nationality, ethnicity and other Sociocultural factors. Clinical psychology ✔✔ An applied branch of psychology that deals with the diagnosis and effective treatment of psychological disorders, as well as research in these areas.

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